肌总论、躯干肌、头肌.pptxVIP

Chapter 3Myology 肌学陈秀英Department of Anatomy目的和要求１．掌握骨骼肌的构造、分类、起止和作用。２．了解肌的命名原则和肌的辅助装置。３．了解咀嚼肌的组成。掌握咬肌、颞肌的位置 起止概况和作用。４．掌握颈浅肌群的主要作用、斜角肌间隙。５．了解躯干肌的分部和分层情况，掌握斜方肌 背阔肌、竖脊肌、胸大肌、前锯肌的位置和 主要作用。６．掌握膈的位置、形态结构特点及膈的功能。７．掌握腹前外侧肌群的位置、形态结构、起止 概况和主要作用。掌握腹直肌鞘的组成。８．掌握腹股沟管和腹股沟三角的组成。 Section 1 The general descriptionSmooth muscleinvoluntary musclemuscleCardiac musclestriated muscle Skeletal muscle Voluntary muscleThere are more than 600 skeletal muscles in the human body, which together account for about 40 percent of a person’s weight.The skeletal muscles produce the skeletal movement, maintain posture and position, support soft tissue, and maintain body temperature. 1. Morphology and structure of skeletal musclestructureMuscle belly肌腹Tendon肌腱 aponeurosis 腱膜MorphologyShort muscleOrbicular muscleLong muscle Flat muscleBones:leverSkeletal muscle: motive force systemJoints:axis/hinge2. The origin, insertion, and architecture of the skeletal muscle The origin and insertion of the skeletal muscleArchitecture of muscles 肌的配布: 任何一个动作是由很多肌参加完成，根据不同作用分为：原动肌、拮抗肌、协同肌、固定肌3. Naming of Muscles: shape size location attachment function4. The Supplementary Structures of Muscle4.1 Fascia 筋膜Superficial fasciaDeep fascia4.2 Synovial bursa 滑膜囊 4.3 Tendinous sheath 腱鞘 Fibrous layer Synovial layer: mesotendon腱系膜4.4 Sesamoid bone 籽骨Section 2 The Muscles of the HeadThe muscles of the head can be divided into two groups: the muscles of the facial expression and the muscles of mastication.1. The facial muscles面肌 2. The masticatory muscles 咀嚼肌 the masseter 咬肌 the temporalis颞肌 the medial pterygoid 翼内肌 the lateral pterygoid 翼外肌Section 3 The Muscles of the NeckBy their situations the muscles of neck are divided into three groups: superficial and lateral 颈浅肌和颈外侧肌 anterior 颈前肌deep 颈深肌 The superficial and lateral group 1. The platysma颈阔肌2. Sternocleidomastoid胸锁乳突肌Origin manubrium sternum and clavicleInsertion mastoid process ActionThe head is inclined laterally and the face is rot