静电场§6.4 静电场的环路定理 电势能0.pptxVIP

§8.4 静电场的环路定理 电势能一.静电力作功的特点b? 单个点电荷产生的电场?q0La点电荷对q0 作功与路径无关? 任意带电体系产生的电场b在电荷系q1、q2、…产生的电场中，移动q0La带电体对q0 作功与路径无关 结论静电场力作功只与始末位置有关，与路径无关，所以静电力是保守力，静电场是保守力场。二.静电场的环路定理在静电场中，沿闭合路径移动q0，电场力作功bL1L2q0 由 a 点经 L1 到达 b 点所作的功aq0 由 a 点经 L2 到达 b 点所作的功静电场的环路定理因此静电场是无旋场abdc讨论（1）环路定理是静电场的一个重要定理，可用环路定理检 验一个电场不是静电场。不是静电场（2）环路定理表明静电场电力线不能闭合（无旋场）。（3）静电场是无旋场，可引进电势能。三. 电势能? 电势能的差保守力引入静电势能静电力定义：q0 在a、b 两点电势能之差等于把 q0 自 a 点移至 b 点电场力所作的功? 电势能取b点为势能零点 Wb = W“0” = 0 q0 在电场中某点 a 的电势能：说明（1）选势能零点习惯和原则：? 当(源)电荷分布在有限范围内时，一般选在无穷远处。? 无限长带电直线，无限带电大板，选有限远处为势能零点。(2)电荷在某点的电势能与零点有关,而两点的差值与零点无关 （3）电势能应属于 q0 和产生电场的源电荷系统共有。如图所示, 在带电量为 Q 的点电荷所产生的静电场中，有一带电量为 q 的点电荷例a求q 在 a 点和 b 点的电势能Qc解 选无穷远为电势能零点b 选 C 点为电势能零点两点间势能差FREE PPT TEMPLATESINSERT THE TITLEOF YOUR PRESENTATION HEREALLPPT.com _ Free PowerPoint Templates, Diagrams and Charts Click to add titleFree PPT Templates - Widescreen(16:9)This PowerPoint Template has clean and neutral design that can be adapted to any content and meets various market segments. With this many slides you are able to make a complete PowerPoint Presentation that best suit your needs. This PowerPoint Template has clean and neutral design that can be adapted to any content and meets various market segments. With this many slides you are able to make a complete PowerPoint Presentation that best suit your needs.This PowerPoint Template has clean and neutral design that can be adapted to any content and meets various market segments. With this many slides you are able to make a complete PowerPoint Presentation that best suit your needs.Click to add titleFree PPT Templates - Widescreen(16:9)This PowerPoint Template has clean and neutral design that can be adapted to any content and meets various market segments. With this many slides you are able to make a complete PowerPoint Presentation that best suit your needs. This PowerPoint Template has clean and neutral design that can be adapted to any content and meets various market segments. With this many slides you are able to make a