神经系统发育及可塑性课件.pptVIP

Both daughter cells cleaved vertically from the precursor remain in the ventricular zone to divide again and again. This mode of cell division predominates early in development ?expand the population of neuronal precursor The both cells cleaved horizontally from the precursor, one migrates away to take up its position in the cortex, where it will never divide again. The other daughter remains in the ventricular zone to undergo more division. This mode predominates later in development ? neuronal precursor cell proliferation - The fate of the newly formed daughter cells Ventricular zone precursor cells repeated this pattern until all of the neurons of the cortex have been generated. The cleavage have been basically finished on pregnant fifth month in human. In human, most neocortical neurons are born between the fifth week and fifth month of gestation (pregnancy), peaking at the astonishing rate of 250,000 new neurons per minute. Research suggest: the gene expression of the precursor is regulated by its transcription factors( the proteins/upstream molecules ). See left figure. Notch-1 “unopposed” by numb, activates the gene expression that the cell to cease division and migrate away from the ventricular zone. cell proliferation - How does the cleavage plane during cell division determine the cell’s fate? - The distribution of cell constituents in precursor cells: Notch介导的信号传导通路－细胞之间可以通过对话来选择不同的命运 （A）在果蝇的正常发育过程中，一个形成中的神经前体细胞（深绿色）能阻止邻近的神经外胚层细胞（浅绿色）也选择这一命运，使后者变成表皮细胞（白色） （B）形成中的神经前体细胞通过Delta来激活邻近的细胞中的Notch信号传导通路，从而抑制AS-C和Delta等基因的表达，使邻近的细胞不能成为神经前体细胞 （C）Notch活性的改变能影响果蝇神经前体细胞的数量 Neurogenesis in the adult neocortex Recent finding show: Although most of the division action is over well before birth, the adult SGZ and SVZ retains some capacity to generate new neuron. Behavior/functional activity and environment … Neurogenesis in the adult brain is far too limited to repair CNS damage. 2. Cell migration The daughter cells from the precursors that immature neu