基坑开挖的空间效应及土压力分析-岩土工程专业论文.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 摘 要 深基坑及其支护结构是一个空间体系，近年来，关于基坑空间效应的研究一直是工 程界和学术界十分关注的课题。本文运用有限元分析软件 ANSYS 建立三维数值模型，对 无支护、悬臂桩支护基坑开挖过程，基坑侧移空间分布规律和土压力进行了较为全面的 分析。 首先，在无支护结构情况下，对基坑的分层开挖过程进行了数值模拟。分析了随开 挖过程基坑侧向位移在水平和深度方向的分布规律，探讨了基坑坑角（90 度、120 度、 150 度、180 度及阳角 90 度）对基坑位移分布的影响、以及坑角由阴角变至阳角时基坑 空间效应的影响范围。另外，将无支护基坑侧移的分布用补余误差函数进行描述，并将 有限元计算结果和函数结果进行了对比分析。 其次，以矩形基坑悬臂排桩支护结构为研究对象，运用数值模拟，分析了基坑的分 步开挖过程，研究了基坑侧向位移的空间分布特征及桩身的弯矩分布、以及墙后地表沉 降的分布规律及影响范围。最后，对采用补余误差函数描述悬臂排桩基坑侧移的合理性 进行了探讨。 另外，基于考虑位移的朗肯土压力计算方法，利用悬臂排桩支护结构中桩水平位移 的计算结果，反推桩身的土压力，并将基坑角部桩的土压力、中部的桩土压力、主动土 压力及静止土压力进行比较，分析了支护结构上实际土压力分布及其所对应的状态。 最后，采用有限元软件 ANSYS 对邯郸市某双排桩支护结构的开挖和支护过程进行三 维模拟，对开挖过程中基坑的位移场变化及桩的内力进行分析，并将计算结果和实测结 果对比，验证了计算模型的合理性和实用性。 关键词 基坑 支护结构 空间效应 位移分布 土压力 Abstract Abstract Foundation pit and retaining system are spatial structure. In recent years, the research on three-dimensional effect of foundation pit was paid much attention to in engineering and academic field. In this paper, the three-dimensional numerical modeling of the foundation pit was established by the finite element software ANSYS. The excavation processes of the pit with non-supporting structure and with cantilever piles retaining structure were modeled. The spatial distribution of the pit lateral displacement and earth pressure were comprehensively analyzed. Firstly, the excavation process of the foundation pit with non-supporting structure was numerically simulated. The distribution of the pit lateral displacement with every step of excavation was analyzed. The influence of the pit-corner angle (900, 1200, 1500, 1800 and external corner 900) on the displacement was studied. The area affected by the pit three-dimensional effect was analyzed when the pit corner varied from negative angle to positive angle. In addition, the lateral displacement distribution of the pit with non-supporting structure was computed by the complementary error function, and the calculated values of function and results of finite element were compared and analyzed. Secondly, the cantilever pile retaining st