植物生长与分化（II）.pptVIP

 控制根毛的发育的基因 根毛是由一部分根表皮细胞发育而来，是细胞伸出的一种壳状结构。根表皮细胞可以发育成毛状体、根毛、气孔等，即不同的表皮细胞具有不同的命运，而表皮细胞的命运是由遗传因子控制。 乙烯信号和根毛发育 CTR1 根毛发育和乙烯信号的负调节基因 Schematic representation of transverse (left) and longitudinal (right) midsections of the Arabidopsis thaliana root. The primary root is formed by concentric layers of lateral root cap, epidermis, cortex, endodermis, and pericycle surrounding vascular tissues. . Fig. Changes in the pattern of epidermal cell differentiation in different roots. A, Wild-type root in which root hair cells (hatched) are located in the cleft over the anticlinal walls of underlying cortical cells (white) and non-hair cells (black) are located over the outer periclinal walls of cortical cells. B, The phenotype of ctr1 roots in which hair cells (hatched) differentiate in the position normally occupied by non-hair cells. C, Epidermal pattern in roots treated with the positive regulator of root hair development, ACC, showing hair cells (hatched) in the locations normally occupied by non-hair cells. D, The epidermis of roots treated with the inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis AVG is composed entirely of non-hair cells. Model of epidermal differentiation in Arabidopsis. Differential stimulation of epidermal cells by ethylene as a result of differential sensitivity or differential exposure result in the inactivation of CTR1 in the cell lying in the cleft, resulting in the development of a hair cell in this position. Water channels 水通道蛋白(Aquaporin, AQP)属于广泛存在的膜内在蛋白（membrane intrinsic protein, MIP)的家族成员。 植物水通道蛋白分为： Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) Tonoplast intrinsic proteins ( TIPs ) Nodulin-like MIP (NLM，定位于大豆根瘤共生 体膜上) 植物AQP 的功能 1) 促进水的长距离运输； 2) 促进细胞内外的跨膜水运输,从而调节细胞内外水的平衡, 该过程由PIP 来完成； 3) 调节细胞的胀缩。通过TIP 使水快速出入液泡以保证细胞能迅速膨胀和紧缩； 4) 运输其它小分子物质。 Fig. Short-term and long-term regulation of water flow. 4.2 茎的发育 茎端分生组织(shoot apical meristem, SAM) 茎端分生组织经过的活动产生了茎的有关结构，包括茎的节和节间、叶、腋芽以及以后转变