物理化学电子教案第五章 化学平衡.pptVIP

例题 题 例题 例题 例题 K? ( T ) 例题 3. 反应物的摩尔比对平衡转化率的影响 增加某一种反应物组分的量，将减小此反应物组分的平衡转化率，但可以增加其他反应物组分的平衡转化率。 当反应物组分之间的摩尔比等于其在反应式中的计量系数之比时，生成物在平衡混合物中占的比例最大。 §5.5 同时反应平衡组成的计算 §5.6 真实气体反应的化学平衡 真实气体 §5.7 混合物和溶液中的化学平衡 1.常压下液态混合物中的化学平衡 恒温恒压下， 对于理想液态混合物： §5.7 混合物和溶液中的化学平衡 2.常压下液态溶液中的化学平衡 溶质 对于理想稀溶液： 溶剂 平衡时 当 很小时 §5.7 混合物和溶液中的化学平衡 当 时 过去曾用过： 显然 还有 JACOBUS HENRICUS VAN’T HOFF JACOBUS HENRICUS VAN’T HOFF (1852-1911) Dutch physical chemist,received the first Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1901 for “the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and of osmotic pressure.” Van’t Hoff was one of the early developers of the laws of chemical kinetics,developing mehtods for determining the order of a reaction;he deduced the relation between temperature and the equilbrium constant of a chemical reaction. JACOBUS HENRICUS VAN’T HOFF In 1874, van’t Hoff (and also J.A. Le Bel, independently) proposed what must be considered one of the most important ideas in the history of chemistry, namely the tetrahedral carbon bond. Van’t Hoff carried Pasteur’s ideas on asymmetry to the molecular level , and asymmetry required bonds tetrahedrally distributed about a central carbon atom. Structural organic chemistry was born. JOHN DALTON JOHN DALTON (1766-1844) English chemist, physicist, and meteorologist, is considered by many to be the “father of the atomic theory of matter,although grandfather is perhaps a more he suffered. In 1803, he published his paper “Absorption of Gases by Water and Other Liquids,” in which he presented what is now known as Dalton’s law of partial pressures. JOHN DALTON He was led to his theory of atomism by his studies of gases. In one of his papers published in 1805, he said, “Why does not water admit its bulk of every kind of gas alike?…The circumstance depends on the weight and number of the ultimate particles of the several gases.” John Dalton was led to the atom by reflecting that different gases had different values of the H