【语法透视】：情态动词的用法解析.docVIP

PAGE1 / NUMPAGES4 【语法透视】:情态动词的用法解析 must （无词形变化）（1）。表必须，应该，务必 must not(mustnt)表禁止，不许，不准，不可以。 Everyone must attend the lecture. The work must be finished as soon as possible.You mustnt lend it to others.注；对must问句的回答。 -Must I go there now?-Yes, you must.-No ,you ①neednt. ②need not ③dont have(got) to ④dont need to.2.must表推测一定，必定，一般只用于肯定句，亦即用于疑问句和否定不表揣测。（1）对现在He must be at home now. You must be hungry after the long walk.The Chinese language must have the largest number of speakers. (2)对进行时。 He must be sleeping now(at that time).（3）对过去时或完成时。It must have rained last night. He must have fallen asleep(then).He must have gone to Beijing yesterday. She must have been young when she got married .注意其反意问句。3 .must表不可避免的倾向。 All men must die.4 . must 表偏偏，不巧 My car must break down.我的车偏偏坏了。have to 不得不1. 与must的区别 （1）must表说话人的主观看法，而have to表客观需要。比较：I have to stop smoking .(外界压力，客观情况使然)I must stop smoking.（主观认为）2.must只有一种形式而have to有更多的形式have to, has to ,had to ,will have to 等等。I thought I must go there.3.have to 的疑问，否定均须借助于do。 Does he have to go there now ?不说Has he to go there now?He has to go there now, doesn’t he? The work has to be finished before 10 oclock..4.must与had to的差别： had to还可以表示业已完成或实现的动作（即；动作确实做了）。I had to stay at home last night. Can 1.表能力I can lift the stone. I can speak English while he cant. Who can play the violin? He got up early yesterday so that he could catch the early bus.could 表过去的能力。注；1。can 与be able to表能力时的区别：① 形式上；can有两种形式can 与could，而be able to有更多的形式。is(are)able to, was able to ,, has been able , will be able to , would be able to 等。be able to 只表能力而can 还可表可能性，惊异,许可等。② could与was able to表过去能力的差别：均表过去的能力，但was（were）able to还可表业已成功的行为（即：动作确实做了）。2．表许可You can go now. You can use my dictionary. You can have a rest.-Can I smoke here?-No, you cant.注：用could代替can在疑问句中，语气客气委婉，但在时间上还指现在.Could you lend me your bike? Could you tell me how to get to the station?注意：回答由could引起的问句，仍用can 而不用could。-Could you wait a few more minutes?-Yes, I can