毕业论文-近景摄影测量系统的建立与完善--相机内外方位元素测定.doc

西南科技大学本科生毕业论文 PAGE IV 近景摄影测量系统的建立与完善 ——相机内外方位元素测定 摘要：目前，近景摄影测量已广泛应用于文物、考古、园林等的测绘，在物体运动过程、建筑物变形、物体外表、滑坡监测，甚至医疗、生物、农业、公安侦破等方面。 针对摄影测量发展的自动化、数字化趋势，提出了近景摄影测量机的研制方案，运用计算机控制技术和图像处理技术，提高了近景摄影测量中图像获取过程的自动化程度。使用近景摄影测量机和自行开发的数字摄影测量软件，实现了摄影测量过程中图像采集、数字化和测量等工作的一体化。 对于运用非量测相机进行摄影测量时所面临的相机内、外方位元素未知问题，在研究中设计了可以提供控制坐标的室内三维控制场，用前方交会的测量方法测得控制架表面的控制点坐标，并对测得的坐标进行了平差。运用直接线性变换法（DLT），根据摄影像片中控制点的物方空间坐标和像点坐标，计算出非量测相机的内、外方位元素，最后根据测量点的像点坐标计算出相应的物方空间坐标。 关键词：近景摄影测量；内方位元素；直接线性变换法 Abstract Currently, close-range photogrammetry has been widely used in heritage, archaeological, landscape, etc. mapping, object movement in the process of building deformation, Objects appearance, landslide monitoring, or even medical, biology, agriculture, public security detection, and so on. Photogrammetry against the development of automation, digital trend, a close-range photogrammetry for the development program, use a computer control technology and image processing technology, enhancing the close-range photogrammetry image acquisition process automation. Close-Range Photogrammetry use of aircraft and to the development of digital photogrammetry software, the photogrammetry process image acquisition, Digital measurement and integration work. For the use of non-metric Camera Photogrammetry when facing the cameras inside and outside the unknown element bearings. in a study designed to provide control of indoor 3D coordinates control the market, forward intersection method of measurement-control measured surface coordinates of the control points, and measured the coordinates of Adjustment. Using the direct linear transformation (DLT), according to photographic film as control points on the side of space coordinates and pixel coordinates, calculate non-metric cameras inside and outside the orientation elements, Finally, according to the measurement point, as calculated coordinates corresponding to the objects of space coordinates. Key words: close-range photogrammetry, Elements within the Az