生物化学 Chap 6 enzymes教学精品.pptVIP

Nomenclature (命名法，术语);monosaccharide/disaccharide/polysaccharide/oligosaccharide ribose/deoxyribose/cellulose/pentose/hexose aldose/ketose protease inhibitors proteolysis molecular weight/mass cytosol lipid bilayer ammonium sulfate formaldehyde ligand isolate / purify /precipitate asymmetric ;solubility affinity electrophoresis chromatography ion exchange chromatography gel filtration chromatography affinity chromatography homogenization three-dimensional conformation / spatial amphoteric hydrophobic aromatic aliphatic polar/charged/uncharged ;cation (cationic) anion (anionic) ionize / ionizable dissociate proton / protonated peptide bond/polypeptide centrifugation osmotic lysis buffer denature / denaturation sonication viscosity ultraviolet radiation ; Important concepts about enzymes (eg. active site, substrate specificity, enzyme classification, coenzymes etc.) Catalytic characteristics and mechanism of enzymes Enzyme kinetics (酶动力学) Enzyme assays （酶活力测定）;What is enzyme?;Section 1 introduction;other enzymes require nonprotein cofactors （双成份酶，结合蛋白质） holoenzyme = apoenzyme + cofactor (全酶) (酶蛋白) (辅因子) ;Cofactor: Coenzyme (辅酶)：cofactors loosely attached to enzymes, e.g.. small complex organic molecules and vitamine B group. Prosthetic group (辅基): cofactors tightly attached to enzymes, e.g.. some metal ions such as Zn2+, Fe2+. Specificity of enzymes depends on apoenzyme while type of reactions depends on cofactors.;Section 2  Enzyme classification; Many enzymes are named by adding “-ase” to the name of their substrate or to a descriptive terms for the reactions they catalyze, e.g. urease , dehydrogenase. Others have names that don’t denote their substrate, e.g. trypsin. Some enzymes have several alternative names.;International classification of enzymes (On type of reactions that enzymes catalyze);Four-digit classification number;e.g. trypsin E.C.3.4.21.4 “3” denotes that it is a hydrolase; (大类)