生物化学 Chap4 nucleic acid教材编辑.pptVIP

Chap 4; In 1944, genetic transmission of characteristics ( 生物遗传性状的物质基础) In 1953, double helix structure of DNA Waston-Crick model (DNA双螺旋结构) In 1960， central principle for genetic transmission (遗传信息传递的中心法则); In 1944，Avery finished the experiment of transmission in vitro;;Compositions;nucleic acid;Bases; Pyrimidines（嘧啶碱）C, U, T;Pentose ;Classification;DNA and RNA;Structure of nucleosides and nucleotides;nucleosides; Structure of nucleotides Bases are linked with the 1’st carbon atom of pentose and phosphoric acid is linked with the 5’th carbon atom of pentose （nucleotides 核苷酸） ;nucleotides; dADP （脱氧腺嘌呤核苷二磷酸） ;dATP （脱氧腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸）;types of nucleosides and nucleotides;Section 2;DNA structure;Primary structure;;Conventions for writing DNA strand;Structure points of primary structure of DNA;DNA secondary structure(double helix model);In 1953，Watson and Crick worked out the three-dimensional structure of DNA(double helix model);In 1962， Wilkins, Watson and Crick winned the Nobel prize together;;Structure points;3. 10 paired bases per turn of the helix covers a distance of 3.4 nm. Each paired base plane represents an advance of 0.34 nm along the axis of the helix. The diameter is 2nm; 4. Complementary base pairing (碱基互补配对): bases of the two strands form hydrogen bonds to each other: A pairs with T （A＝T）and G pairs with C （C≡G）. ;; 5. Main forces for structure maintaining: hydrogen bonds, accumulation force between base planes (碱基堆积力), electrovalent bonds vander waaz attraction;DNA 双螺旋结构;Tertiary structure of DNA;RNA structure;Secondary structure of RNA;Clover structure of tRNA (tRNA的三叶草形结构);Tertiary structure of tRNA;Section 3;Ultraviolet absorbance ;Denaturation (变性); physical factors: heat, radiation chemical factors: concentrated acids base, urea; primary structure unchanged; molecular weight unchanged; ultraviolet absorbance increased (增色效应); viscosity de