生物化学 Chapter 16 The Citric Acid Cycle内容资料.pptVIP

Chapter 16 The Citric Acid Cycle;Citric Acid Cycle (三羧酸循环); 1. The cellular respiration (complete oxidation of fuels) can be divided into three stages;2. Pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl-CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex;Production of acetyl-CoA;Critical to its role as an acyl carrier in a number of metabolic reactions;;;Production of acetyl-CoA;Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDH);Cryoelectron micrograph of PDH complexes isolated from bovine kidney ;Three-dimensional image of the PDH complex ;E2 consists of three types of domains linked by short polypeptide linkers;Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA by the PDH complex; ;3. The complete oxidation of pyruvate in animal tissues was proposed to undergo via a cyclic pathway; ;4. The acetyl group (carried by CoA) is completely oxidized to CO2 via the citric acid cycle;Reactions of the citric acid cycle;The citric acid cycle;Step 1: condensation;Structure of citrate synthase;Citrate synthase ---induced fit;Step 2: dehydration hydration;Step 3 oxidative decarboxylation ;Similar to pyruvate dehydrogenase complex;Step 5 substrate-level phosphorylation ;(Membrane-bound) ;Competitive Inhibitor;Stereospecific;(trans) ;Step 8 dehydrogenation;Products of one turn of the citric acid cycle;Products of one turn of the citric acid cycle ;Reactions of the citric acid cycle;5. The complete oxidation of one glucose may yield as many as 32 ATP ;6. The intermediates of the citric acid cycle are important sources for biosynthetic precursors ;The carbon skeletons of amino acids are oxidized via the citric acid cycle (Fig. 18-15);Citric acid cycle provides precursors for many biosynthetic pathways; ; ;Biotin (a vitamin) plays a key role in the carboxylation reaction--- specialized carrier of one-carbon groups;Some anaerobic bacteria, lacking a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, make biosynthetic precursors via the incomplete citric acid cycle, which could be an early evolution stage of the citric ac