生物化学 chap1 carbohydrate课程设计.pptVIP

Carbohydrate 碳水化合物 Carbon 碳 Hydrogen 氢 Oxygen 氧 Nitrogen 氮 Protein/nucleic acid/lipid Stereoisomers 立体异构体 Monosaccharides 单糖 Oligosaccharides 低聚糖 Polysaccharides 多聚糖 Glycoprotein 糖蛋白 Ribose 核糖 glucose 葡萄糖/fructose 果糖 ;Chap 1 Carbohydrate;Carbohydrate is composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.;Functions ;Polysaccharides—more than 10 monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bonds (e.g. starch, cellulose, hyaluronic acid(透明质酸) etc.) Compound-saccharides—composed of sugars and non-sugar substances (e.g. glycoprotein, glycolipid etc.) ;Chemical constitution ;Aldose a sugar that bears an aldehyde group is called aldose; Ketose a sugar that bears a ketone group is called ketose. CHO CH2OH (CHOH)4 C=O CH2OH (CHOH)3 CH2OH glucose fructose (an aldose) (a ketose) They have the same chemical components C6H12O6 , but differ in structure (structural isomers);Reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars;Stereoisomers (立体异构体);Tetrose, pentose, hexose, heptose; O=C-H O=C-H H-C-OH HO-C-H HO-C-H H-C-OH H-C-OH HO-C-H H-C-OH HO-C-H CH2OH CH2OH D- glucose L-glucose; CH2OH CH2OH C=O C=O HO-C-H H-C-OH H-C-OH HO-C-H H-C-OH HO-C-H CH2OH CH2OH ;Ring structure (α-,β-); H OH C O=C-H H-C-OH H-C-OH HO-C-H O