四书-工作常用的众号文档推荐.ppt

The Four Books The Four Books The Four Books and The Five Classics were the canonical works of the Confucian culture in the feudal society in ancient China. The Four Books refers to: The Great Learning The Doctrine of the Mean The Analects (of Confucius), or Confucian Analects The Works of Mencius. How to learn the Four Books? “先读《大学》， 以定其规模； 次读《论 语》， 以定其根本； 次读《孟子》， 以观其发越； 次读《中庸》， 以求古人微妙处”。 　 ——　朱熹 《大学》 ——治学之道 The Great Learning The Great Learning is in fact an essay in The Book of Rites. It is about the cultivation of one’s moral character and the wisdoms of governing a country during the “daxue” (or great learning or higher education) period of ancient China. The Great Learning The authorship of the book is not clear. It is assumed that it is the work of, one of Confucius’ disciples, or that the disciple got it from Confucius. That is why Zhu Xi regarded, in a short commentary called Daxue Zhangjv, the first part of the book as the Canon, and the rest of the book explaining the canon as Commentaries, which are further divided into 10 parts. The Great Learning 大学之道， 在明明德， 在亲民， 在止于至善。 大学 为人君，止于仁； 为人臣，止于敬； 为人子，止于 孝； 为人父，止于慈； 与国人交，止于信。 　　　　 　　　　——《传·第三章》 The Great Learning 古之欲明明德于天下者， 先治其国； 欲治其国者，先齐其家； 欲齐其家者，先修其身； 欲修其身者，先正其心； 欲正其心者，先诚其意； 欲诚其意者，先致其知； 致知在格物。 The Great Learning 物格而后知至， 知至而后意诚， 意诚而后心正， 心正而后身修， 身修而后家齐， 家齐而后国治， 国治而后天下平。 《论语》 ——为人之道 The Analects The Confucian Analects or The Analects is a collection of the sayings and teachings of Confucius and his disciples. It was complied in the early Warring States Period, over 70 years after the death of Confucius, from the notes that his disciples made according to the answers the Master gave to their questions. The Analects Benevolence embodies the ethical system of Confucius. “The benevolent love others.” Benevolence is in fact the moral codes regarding self-cultivation and interpersonal relationship. It, in the eyes of Confucius, is the noblest character and moral state embracing and commanding