医学英语Unit3经典ppt.ppt

History of medicine --from Columbia Encyclopedia Prehistory Prehistoric skulls found in Europe and South America indicate that Neolithic man was already able to trephine or remove disks of bone from the skull successfully . The survey of the European Middle Ages During the economical cultural decline period of the European Middle Ages, with the destruction or neglect of the Roman sanitary facilities ,theology dominated all the knowledge departments .Connecting cures and the sacred miracle must has impeded the development of medicine. The first real light on modern medicine in Europe It came from the translation of many writing from the Arabic at Salerno Italy and through a continuing trade and cultural exchange with Byzantium By the 13th century Padua was the site of production of the first accurate books on human anatomy Vesalius proved that Galen had made anatomical mistakes About Genetic engineering Genetic engineering has led to the development of important pharmaceutical products and the use of monoclonal antibodies , offering promising new approaches to cancer treatment ; meanwhile, bringing a series of problems about Moral ethics. An obvious one is whether we should permit to clone ourselves. Currently, the largest worldwide study is the Human Genome Project What is the Human Genome Project About us In Fer.1997,with the news of the birth of the sheep Dolin disclosed, there aroused the whole world attention immediately. 1952年：科学家证明，他们能把细胞核从一枚青蛙卵子中取出，然后把另一个青蛙胚胎细胞的细胞核注入这个卵子中，并让这个卵子孵化为一条蝌蚪。这种“核转换”可以把一个动物的基因注入一个卵子。这条蝌蚪就是提供了细胞核的那个胚胎细胞的克隆产物。 1975年：科学家成功使用成年青蛙的体细胞细胞核代替胚胎细胞细胞核注入抽去细胞核的卵子中，孵化出了蝌蚪。 1986年：首次使用胚胎细胞细胞核克隆出绵羊。 1997年：“多莉”诞生，它是第一只使用成年动物体细胞克隆的绵羊。 1998年：科学家使用取自同一只成年老鼠身上的细胞克隆出数代、共50多只老鼠。同年，源自同一头成年奶牛的8头克隆小牛诞生。 2000年：使用成年动物体细胞克隆猪和山羊成功。 2001年：使用成年动物体细胞克隆猫和兔子成功。  Monoclonal antibody Using 把单克隆抗体与抗癌药物或毒素结合起来，就成为威力强大的抗体“导弹”。把这种抗体“导弹”注射到癌症患者的血液中，它就会发挥导弹样的作用，在患者体内追踪并附着于癌细胞上，然后与抗体结合的抗癌药物或毒素杀伤和破坏癌细胞，而且很少损伤正常组织细胞。这种抗体“导弹”具有高度选择性，对癌细胞命中率高，杀伤力强的优点，没有一般化学