十二章中枢神经系统药理学概论(09下).ppt

Chapter 12 中枢神经系统药理学概论 CNS:primary conduction（主导）and coordination（协调） Modes:nerve and/or humoral regulation（神经-体液调节） for maintaining homeostasis（内环境稳态） and producing response for external environment（外环境） Humans:dominating intellect and complicated behaviors（主宰智能和复杂行为） 1.Nerve cell ● Cell body, dendrite（树突） and axon（轴突） ● Inclusion body in cytoplasm（胞浆内含物）: pyknotic body(致密小体) and lipofuscin(脂褐素) etc. ● Basic structure and function unit of CNS ● Major function: transmitting message（传递信息） ● Synapse（突触） is the centre of transmitting message Section 2 Transmitters（递质） and Receptors of CNS Neurotransmitter: transmitting signal quickly, strong action and high selectivity（传递信息快、作用强、选择性高） Neuromodulator：不具递质活性，能调制递质的释放和突触后细胞的兴奋性，作用慢、久、范围广 Neurohormone: being mainly neuropeptides（神经肽类） Several transmitters and modulators may coexist in one nerve terminal（共存于同一神经末稍） Some neurotrophic（神经营养） and cellular factors（细胞因子） impact information transfer by regulating gene expression We have known more than 30 transmitters. 1. Acetylcholine (ACh) Distribution: widespread in CNS Receptors: M (especially M1) and N Functions: involving in motion, memory, alertness（警觉） and internal organ activities（内脏活动） etc Excitatory transmitter（兴奋性递质）, e.g. ACh is released in brain when an animal is infuriated（激怒） and it is reduced when an animal sleeps 2. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) （γ氨基丁酸） Widespread and non-uniform（广泛非均匀） in brain, especially in nigra (黑质) and globus pallidus (苍白球) Receptors: A, B and C, especially A type in brain Inhibitive transmitter（抑制性递质） in CNS, e.g. GABA insufficiency of cerebral cortex in epileptics may cause convulsion; valproate sodium can treat various kinds of epileptic seizures because it inhibits the degradation of GABA（癫痫患者大脑皮层缺乏GABA可引起惊厥，丙戊酸钠因能抑制GABA降解而对各种癫痫发作有效） 3. Excitatory Amino Acids (EAA)（兴奋性氨基酸） Glu（谷氨酸） and asp（天冬氨酸）: the maximal content amino acid in mammal’ brain（哺乳动物脑内含量最多的） Receptors: NMDA, AMPA