定语从句讲解和练习.doc

定语从句（1） 我们知道形容词可以做定语，放在所修饰的名词前，如a red sun（红太阳），a pretty girl（美丽的女孩）。由于意思表达的需要，我们使用从句来做定语，修饰某一名词或代词，这种从句叫做定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词，叫做关系词，放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又是定语从句的一个成分。例如： The house which Jack built has fallen down. 杰克建造的房子已经倒塌了。 其中，house是先行词，关系词which引导了一个定语从句，并充当从句中的宾语。在第一单元里，我们说了从句的构成：引导词 ＋ 主语 ＋ 谓语，从句不能表达完整的意思。从句在主语的位置上就是主语从句，在定语的位置上就是定语从句等。从句which Jack built修饰名词即先行词house，起定语的作用。 关系词有两类，一类是关系代词who, which, that, whose, whom; 另一类是关系副词when, where, why，具体用法见下表。 关系词 用法举例 1. who 和whom指人 which指物 that既可以指人也可以指物 在定语从句中分别充当主语和宾语 I’ve never seen the man who/that is leaning against the railing. 我从没见过斜靠在栏杆上的那个人。 A plane is a machine which/that can fly. 飞机就是能够飞行的机器。 The film which/that we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨晚看的那部电影非常精彩。 The man whom/ that I saw yesterday told me to come today. 我昨天见到的那个人告诉我今天过来。 2. whose 指人，也指物 在从句中充当定语 The film is about a spy, whose wife betrays him. 这部电影有关一个间谍，妻子背叛了他。 He has moved to the house whose front door is newly painted. 他已经搬进了那个前门刚刚漆好的房子。 3. when 作时间状语 where作地点状语 why作原因状语 关系副词在从句中充当状语 I’ll never forget the day when I first went to the capital. 我永远不会忘记第一次去首都的那天。 Have you been to the hotel where they are staying? 你去过他们住的酒店了吗？ I don’t know the reason why he refused the invitation. 我不知道他拒绝邀请的原因。 注意：定语从句必须尽可能地紧跟在它说修饰的名词之后。 Grammar Exercises I. Complete the sentences so that they make sense. Choose among the four choices given to fill the blanks. 选择最佳答案，使句子完整。 Last month, he paid a visit to the village _____ he had once worked for five years. where b. which c. that d. in that Mr Liu, _____ at university in Changchun, works at Microsoft Company now. a. whose wife I met b. I met whose wife c. I met his wife d. his wife I met Last week I bought a flat _____ biggest room faced south. a. that b. whose c. which d. where I’ll never forget the day _____ I joined the army. a. that b. which c. in which d. when The lawyer showed the policeman the place ___