非规则干扰信噪比分析-石油地球物理勘探.PDF

DOI: 10. 13810 /j .cnki .issn. 1000 -7210.2001.03.002 2001 6 石 油 地 球 物 理 勘探 36　 3　 非规则干扰信噪比分析 凌　云 () 　　　 ... 2001,36( 3): 272～ 278 　　在 一个地区开展地震勘探之前,勘探工作者首先要考虑的问题是,在勘探目的层处是否可 获得预期的地震成像分辨率? 要弄清这 一实际勘探问题有 一定难度 ,因为有多种因素影响地震勘 探成像分辨率,主要有大地吸收衰减(包括近地表吸收和储层上覆地层吸收衰减)和近地表干扰波 (包括非规则干扰和规则干扰)。 前者引起反射波信息随传播时间逐步减弱; 后者为不随时间吸收 衰减变化(或随时间吸收衰减变化较慢)的干扰波。 二者的变化关系制约着地震勘探的信噪比临界 门限值。 在该信噪比临界门限值上采集数据,通常可 获得较好的反射成像分辨率;反之,则难 获得。 但在实际中如何确定信噪比临界门限值仍是需要研究的问题。 基于多道统计分析,文中用时频域、频时域信噪比统计分析来确定时间域和频率域统计信噪 比临界门限值,该信噪比临界门限值可 指示出数据信噪比小于 1时的时间和频率,为实际勘探 采集、处理和解释提供了重要的分析依据。 　大地吸收衰减　规则干扰波　非规则干扰波　信噪比临界门限值 ABSTRACT Ling Yun.Analysis of signal-to-noiseratio for irregularinterference.OGP ,2001,36 (3): 272～ 278 The question first needed to consider for exploration worker before conducting seismic exploration in a area are whether desired resolution in seismic imaging for exploration target can be obtained. ecause major factors affected resolution in seis- mic imaging are various, mainly including attenuation by earth absorption(attenua- tion by absorption in near-surface and by absorption in overburden of reservoir) and near-surface interference (irregular and regular interference) , it is difficult to clarify the practical exploration question The former is reflection information which has. gradually weakened with propagation time caused by attenuation by absorption the; latter is interference which is no change with time or which attenuation by absorp- tion has slowly variation with time The changing relation between the two restricts. the threshold value of signal-to-noise ratio for seismic prospecting. A good resolu- tion in reflection imaging can