船用劣质燃油的危害及其控制措施.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 10 黄建华：轮机工程专业毕业论文 船用劣质燃油的危害及其控制措施 [摘要] 由于原油价格上涨和供应情况不稳定，迫切需要努力节减燃油的消耗，此外，为了满足对轻质燃油不断增加的需求量，在石油提炼中大量采用分解等方法，同时重视对劣质燃油的利用。航运公司和运输船舶为降低燃油费用，提高经济性，选用劣质燃油为燃料，现在大部分船舶燃用劣质燃油趋于普及。本文浅析了劣质燃油特点、限制性能、要求以及使用过程中的主要问题等，分析了影响劣质燃油性能的因素，分析了使用中对船舶柴油机及相关设备产生的危害以及危害产生的机理，提出了船用柴油机使用劣质燃油应采取的技术与管理措施。并从改善劣质燃油燃烧前性能指标、加强燃油系统的管理、加强维修保养、完善柴油机操作运行管理以及采取的相关管理技术等方面来论述如何加强船舶的运行管理，以确保柴油机及船舶的安全运行，达到降低成本，提高经济效益的目的。 [关键词] 船舶；劣质燃油；柴油机；管理；安全 Low-grade Fuel for Marine Hazards and the Improvement Measures [abstract] As crude oil prices and unstable supply of the urgent need to fuel consumption savings. In addition, in order to meet the growing requirements of light fuel oil are widely used in petroleum refining methods of decomposition, while focusing on the use of low-grade fuel. Shipping companies and ships to reduce fuel costs, improve economy, use low-grade fuel for the fuel, and now most of the ships using poor quality fuel tends to spread. The detailed analysis of a sub-text of the fuel points, limiting the performance of the process requirements and the use of the main problems, analyzed the factors affecting performance of low-grade fuel, the use of marine diesel engine and related equipment on the harm and damage resulting from its mechanism is proposed to use low-grade marine diesel fuel to be taken technical and managerial measures. Burning oil from the front of Poor performance targets, strengthen fuel system management, enhance maintenance, improve engine operation and running management and take the relevant management technology, and to describe how to strengthen the ships operation and management, to ensure the safe operation of ship diesel engine and to reduce cost and improve economic efficiency. [Key words] Shipping；Low-grade fuel；Diesel engine；Management；Security 目录 0 引言1 船用劣质燃油特点及对设备的影响1 2 影响劣质燃油因素2 2.1 燃油质量下降2 2.2 催化剂颗粒及灰分影响2 2.3 芳香烃指数（CCAI）对劣质燃油影响3 2.4 粘度对劣质燃油的影响4 2.5 着火点延迟的影响5 2.6 残碳值的影响5 2.7 倾点的影响5 3 劣质燃油改善措施5 3.1 严格把关加油，妥善储存，以防燃油变质5 3.2