试题-宁波教育考试院.PDF

宁波市2018 年初中学业水平考试 题 解 析 2018 12月 录 语文 † 命题意图···············································1 † 试题 ···················································4 † 试题解析 ···············································9 数学 † 命题意图··············································21 † 试题 ··················································25 † 试题解析 ··············································30 英 † 命题意图··············································49 † 试题 ··················································51 † 试题解析 ··············································57 科学 † 命题意图··············································70 † 试题 ··················································73 † 试题解析 ··············································80 历史与社会 思想品德 † 命题意图··············································91 † 试题 ··················································93 † 试题解析 ··············································96 附录：2018 年城区保送生招生考试试卷、参考答案与评分标准 † 文科综合卷（语文、英语）······························106 † 参考答案与评分标准 ···································113 † 理科综合卷（数学、科学）······························116 † 参考答案与评分标准 ···································123 † 历史与社会思品卷 ·····································126 † 参考答案与评分标准 ···································131 本书电子稿下载地址： 文 题意图 一、在课程改革大背景下深入思考中考命题导向 2016 年秋季开始，全国各地中小学开始使用统编教材；去年，教育部颁布普 通高中语文课程标准。统编教材的教学理念是初中语文教学的导向：三位一体的 阅读教学理念，用阅读方法、阅读策略阅读，用阅读知识解决阅读问题，渗透PISA 阅读教学理念和整本书阅读理念，规范写作行为，用写作知识写作。如何在一份 中考试卷中体现学科核心素养，如何用考试评价引领教学，这是命题组思考的核 心。 我们 为，语文学科核心素养很关键。我们的考试评价要引导教师和学生多 读书，少做题；引导教师和学生多思考，少废话；引导教师和学生多静心，少浮 躁；引导我们的语文教学更加回归语文本真；引导教师在语文教学中让学科核心 素养落地。为此，我们想，无论在试卷的选材、构架、设题上都要努力体现适恰 性，既要适合学生，又要适合能力层次，努力追求大气、灵动，关注男女学生的 公平，城乡学生的公平，努力体现语文学习的本意，铸就一份融“语言建构与运 用”“思维发展与提升”“审美鉴赏与创造”“文化传承与理解”于一体的学业水平 考试试卷。