四川师范大学物理与电子工程学院现代通信新技术英文 Chapter4.pdfVIP

Part 4 Mobile Radio Propagation Modern Wireless Communication College of Electronic Engineering 1 Small-scale and large-scale fading • Mobile radio channel is an important controlling factor in wireless communication systems. • Transmission path between transmitter and receiver can vary in complexity. LOS (Line Of Sight) Simplest Obstructed by buildings, mountains, foliage(trees/bushes),etc. speed of mobile • Wired channels are stationary and predictable, radio channels are extremely random and have complex models. • Modeling of radio channels is done in statistical fashion based on measurements for each individual communication system or frequency spectrum Modern Wireless Communication College of Electronic Engineering 2 Figure 4.1 Small-scale and large-scale fading. Modern Wireless Communication College of Electronic Engineering 3 A. Signal propagation (Propagation Mechanisms) Propagation in free space always like light (straight line) Receiving power proportional to 1/d² (d = distance between sender and receiver) Receiving power additionally influenced by fading (frequency dependent) Reflection(反射) at large obstacles Refraction (折射) depending on the density of a medium Scattering(散射) at small obstacles Diffraction(衍射) at edges reflection refraction scattering diffraction Modern Wireless Communication College of Electronic Engineering 4 Reflection Large buildings, earth surface Diffraction Obstacles with dimensions in order of lambda Scattering Foliage, lamp posts, street signs, w