复旦大学软件学院计算机系统课件 Machine-Level Representation of Programs I.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Memory Addressing Mode The address represented by the above form imm + R[Eb] + R[Ei] * s It gives the value M[imm + R[Eb] + R[Ei] * s] * Type Form Operand value Name Immediate $Imm Imm Immediate Register Ea R[Ea] Register Memory Imm M[Imm] Absolute Memory (Ea) M[R[Ea]] Indirect Memory Imm(Eb) M[Imm+ R[Eb]] Base+displacement Memory (Eb, Ei) M[R[Eb]+ R[Ei]*s] Indexed Memory Imm(Eb, Ei) M[Imm+ R[Eb]+ R[Ei]] Scaled indexed Memory (, Ei, s) M[R[Ei]*s] Scaled indexed Memory (Eb, Ei, s) M[R[Eb]+ R[Ei]*s] Scaled indexed Memory Imm(Eb, Ei, s) M[Imm+ R[Eb]+ R[Ei]*s] Scaled indexed Addressing Mode * Address Value 0x100 0xFF 0x104 0xAB 0x108 0x13 0x10C 0x11 Register Value %eax 0x100 %ecx 0x1 %edx 0x3 0x13 0x108 (0x108)0x13 260(%ecx,%edx) (0x10C)0x11 (%eax,%edx,4) 0x108 $0x108 0xFF (%eax) 0x100 %eax Value Operand * Operations in Assembly Instructions Performs only a very elementary operation Normally one by one in sequential Operate data stored in registers Transfer data between memory and a register Conditionally branch to a new instruction address * Understanding Machine Execution Where the sequence of instructions are stored? In virtual memory Code area How the instructions are executed? %eip stores an address of memory, from the address, machine can read a whole instruction once then execute it increase %eip %eip is also called program counter (PC) * Code Layout kernel virtual memory Read only code Read only data Read/write data forbidden memory invisible to user code Linux/x86 process memory image 0xffffffff 0xc0000000 0%eip * Addressing mode Constant variable f() { int i = 3 ; } Immediate memory_f: 0: 55 push %ebp 1: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 3: 83 ec 14 sub $0x14,%esp 6: c7 45 fc movl , d: c9 leave e: c3 ret $0x3 03 00 00 00 -0x4