铝与钢异种材料胶焊研究-材料加工工程专业毕业论文.docxVIP

- - I - 摘 要 随着社会能源紧缺，大众环保意识增强，越来越多的消费者青睐于节能减排的汽车。 很多汽车厂商采用两种材料连接的模式，来减轻汽车自身重量。本文以汽车车身采用铝/ 钢的结构来减轻自重为主要应用背景，以纯铝板和Q235钢板的焊接工艺为主要研究对象， 对点焊、胶焊焊接工艺进行研究。通过正交试验方法，研究焊接电流、通电时间、胶层种 类以及工艺垫片对焊缝成形的影响规律，研究表明：铝/钢焊接加垫片时，通电时间影响显 著，最佳工艺参数为焊接电流9.3KA，通电时间0.06s；铝/钢焊接不加垫片时，焊接电流影 响显著，最佳工艺参数为焊接电流12.4KA，通电时间0.06s。当焊接电流增大、通电时间延 长时，其焊接接头的性能也有所提高。在最佳工艺条件下，加垫片焊接时的性能优于不加 垫片焊接；环氧树脂胶焊性能优于聚氨酯胶焊和电阻点焊。利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对 焊缝界面和内部组织及物相做了分析，并测试了力学性能。 本研究成果对汽车车身铝/钢复合结构的电阻点胶焊焊接有指导作用，对于我国汽车产 业的发展，环境保护，节约能源来说有重要意义。 关键词：铝板；电阻点焊；环氧树脂；聚氨酯；胶焊 - - II - Abstract With the shortage of social energy, more and more consumers enhance to public environmental awareness on energy saving cars. Many car manufacturers use the two materials connected mode to reduce the cars own weight. The main background of this research is use the automotive body with aluminum/steel structures to reduce weight, the main research object is the welding process of Q235 steel and pure aluminum, research on spot welding, plastic welding technology. I study the welding current, power-on time, type and process spacer layer on the influence of the weld by orthogonal test method. The results showed that: aluminum/steel welding plus pads, the power-on time is significantly affected, the best process parameters is 9.3KA and 0.06s; Aluminum/steel welded without gaskets, the welding current is significantly affected, the best process parameters is 12.4KA and 0.06s.When we increase the welding current and extend the power time,the performance of welded joints will be increased.In optimum conditions, plus welding pads without pads is superior to welding; epoxy glue is superior to welding and resistance spot welding of polyurethane rubber. Using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of the weld interface and the internal organization of the physical properties of phases were analyzed, and tested the mechanical properties. This research on the car body aluminum/steel composite structure of the Resistance Spot Welding with plastic guide for the dev