南昌大学医学院急危重症护理学课件 急性中毒.ppt

Chapter 14 Acute Poisoning School of Nursing NanChang university Zhong qingling Teaching Objectives 1. Master the concept, reasons, management of acute poisoning. 2. Master pathogenesis, assessment, implementation of organophosphate poisoning , carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, barbiturate poisoning, acids and alkali burns. 3. Be familiar with antidote therapy. 4. Comprehend assessment of acute poisoning. 乌克兰尤先科二恶英中毒 Concept Poison（毒物）: exogenous substance result in toxic effects damage the organism in a very small dose. Poisoning （中毒）:acute or chronic Acute poisoning the body is exposed to rank poison the toxic substance in a high dose in a short time which causes quickly symptoms even endangers life. 概念 一般较小剂量就损害机体，引起中毒的外来物质称为毒物。 毒物在组织或器官内发生化学作用，引起机体器质性损伤或功能性紊乱，称为中毒。 大量或毒性较剧的毒物突然进入人体，迅速引起症状，甚至危及生命称为急性中毒。 Classification According to resource and purpose , Poison is divided into: 根据来源和用途将毒物分为: 1）industrial poison工业性毒物 2）drug 药物 3）Agricultural chemicals(pesticide)农药 4）poisonous animals and plants 有毒动植物。 Toxic process in the body respiratory tract 1. Assimilate :Poison ____digestive tract skin or mucous membranes 2. Distribute and metabolize :__Blood__ liver kidney (urine) 3. Excrete : ______ respiratory tract digestive tract skin or mucous membranes 中毒途径 毒物的吸收、代谢和排出 →肾脏 →消化道 →皮肤汗腺 →唾液乳汁 Reasons of Poisoning 1. Deliberate 2. Accidental 3. Environmental 4. Occupational Assessment History Symptoms and signs Physical examination Diagnostic study Differential diagnosis History 1. Name and amount of substance 2. Time and route of use 3. Acute versus chronic use 4. First aid measures 5. Symptoms experienced History 6. Curren