绿洲农田表层掺砂 覆砂对土壤水盐运移的影响-植物营养学专业毕业论文.docxVIP

绿洲农田表层掺砂、覆砂对土壤水盐运移的影响 绿洲农田表层掺砂、覆砂对土壤水盐运移的影响 II II 1 cm)随着累积蒸发量的增加而增加。 7.无论有无地下水位的影响，土壤表层掺砂、覆砂对土壤表层的盐分积累具有较强的抑制作用。 随着掺砂量和覆砂厚度的增加抑制力加强，且覆砂抑盐效果显著高于掺砂的抑盐作用。入渗后的蒸 发盐分分布呈“C”字型，而潜水蒸发中均质土和掺砂处理的盐分分布潜水蒸发盐分分布呈“?”字 型，砂层的存在使盐分在砂土界面附近有较高的含量。无论有无地下水的影响，土壤表层掺砂、覆 砂及其相应的累积蒸发量与表层电导率之间的关系均可用相应的拟合方程描述。 【结论】 1. 土壤掺砂对水分常数有显著地影响。 2. 土壤表层掺砂能促进入渗，而覆砂则抑制入渗。 3. 无论有无地下水位，土壤表层掺砂、覆砂均能抑制土壤蒸发和盐分表聚，覆砂的效果要好 于掺砂。 关键词： 层状土; 干旱区; 水分常数; 入渗; 毛管水运动; 蒸发; 水盐运移 III III Abstract 【Object】 Soil texture improvemtne by sand addition is tranditional way and one of widely used strategy in soil amendment, and always being pay attention to in the past years in Northwest arid region. However little is knowen about the effects of sand addition on soil water movement and soil salt distribution. In present research, simulating experiments were conducted to study the effects of sand mixed and sand mulch on soil water infiltration, evaporation after infiltration, capillary water movement, process of soil second salinization, phreatic evaporation and water and the characteristics of salt movement after evaporation. Meanwhile, severl soil moisture constants (Soil saturated conductivity, soil saturated moisture, soil capicillty moisture and field water) were also investigated, the impact and mechanisum of sand mixing rate and sand mulching thickness on soil water and salt movemtment were analysied. This study is aim to find a practical and efficient way in increasing water utility efficiency and preventing from soil secondary satilization in layered soil, morever it also provide an profound knowledge about sand mixing rate and sand mulching thickness on soil salt and water movement sand in arid area. 【Method】 Soil moisture constants was determinded in labarotary condition. The impacts of mixing rate of sand and sand mulching thickness on soil infiltration characteristics were evaluated by soil cylinder simulating experiment in labarotary condition. The influence of sand mixing rate and sand mulching thickness on charact