卧式水冷凝器的设计_毕业论文.doc

卧式水冷凝器的设计 摘 要：  卧式水冷冷凝器的设计 换热器是在具有不同温度的两种或两种以上流体之间传递热量的设备。它是 化工、冶金、炼油、动力、食品、轻工、原子能、制药、机械及其他许多工业部 门广泛使用的一种通用设备。近年来，人们日益重视能源危机和环境保护，而换 热器特别是高效换热器又是节能措施和环保中关键的设备。因此，无论是从上述 各种工业的发展，还是从能源的有效利用和环境的保护，换热器的选型、合理设 计、制造和操作都有非常重要的意义。 本设计主要是围绕固定管板式换热器的设计，熟悉石油化工行业中换热装置 及其工艺流程，熟悉工作原理。通过对冷凝器的工艺设计（型号的选择、总传热 系数、总传热面积、冷凝器面积裕量等计算）、结构设计（筒体内径、管板尺寸、 接管内径等设计）、强度计算（筒体壁厚计算、管壳程开孔补强及校核等的计算） 深刻了解了换热器的传热原理，提高实践环节的能力。 关键词：换热器，传热，结构，强度 Abstract:  Horizontal water-cooledo e condensere design Heat exchanger is a transfer heat equipment transfer heat with different temperature between in two or more fluid. It is a general-purpose equipment widely used in the chemical, metallurgical, oil refining, power, food, light industry, atomic energy, pharmacy, machinery and many other industrial departments. In recent years, people pay more attention to the energy crisis and environmental protection, and heat exchanger especially effective measures for energy conservation and environmental protection heat exchanger is the key equipment. Therefore, whether from the above all kinds of industrial development, or from efficient energy use and environmental protection, heat exchanger type selection, reasonable design, manufacturing and operation has the extremely vital significance. This design is mainly around the fixed tube heat exchanger design, familiar with heat exchangers and process of the petrochemical industry, familiar with the work process. Through the condenser process design (type selection, the total heat transfer coefficient, total heat exchanger area, condenser area allowance calculation, etc), structural design (the cylinder body size, tube plate size, takeover such as the diameter of design), strength calculation (calculation of tube wall thickness, pipe opening reinforcement shell calculation and checking, etc.) heat transfer theory, improve the practice ability. Keywords: Heat exchanger, heat transfer, structure, and strength 1 绪论 能源是当前人类面临的重要问题之一，能源开发及转换利用已成为各国的重 要课题，而换热器是能源利用过程中必不可少的设备，是化工、冶