Classes of Polymeric Materials聚合物的分类.pptVIP

Classes of Polymeric Materials Topics Introduction Thermoplastics General Commercial plastics Thermosets General Commercial thermosets Elastomers General Commercial elastomers Introduction Polymeric materials can be either Thermoplastics, thermosets, and elastomers. Each section is presented in appropriate groups Thermoplastics come in a variety of forms Pellets, powder (1-100 microns), flake, chip, cube, dice, Shipped in packages of choice Bags (50 lbs), drums (200 lbs), boxes, cartons, gaylords (1000 lb), Tank-truck loads (15 tons), rail cars (40 – 80 tons) Bulk supplies are stored in silos and conveyed pneumatically Thermosets are supplied in powder or liquid form Supplied in drums, tank-trucks, and railroad cars. Rubbers are supplied in bale form. Commercial Thermoplastics Olefins Unsaturated, aliphatic hydrocarbons made from ethylene gas Ethylene is produced by cracking higher hydrocarbons of natural gas or petroleum LDPE commercialized in 1939 in high pressure process Branched, high pressure, and low density polyethylene HDPE commercialized in 1957 in low pressure process Linear, low pressure, high density The higher the density the higher the crystallinity Higher the crystallinity the higher the modulus, strength, chemical resistance, PE grades are classified according to melt index (viscosity) which is a strong indicator of molecular weight. Injection molding requires high flow, extrusion grade is highly elastic, thermoforming grade requires high viscosity or consistency Principal Olefin Monomers Ethylene Propylene Butene-1 4-Methylpentene Several Olefin Polymers Polyethylene Polypropylene Polyisobutene Polymethylpentene Polymers Derived from Ethylene Monomer Addition Polymerization of PE Polyethylene produced with low (Ziegler) or high pressure (ICI) Polyethylene produced with linear or branched ch