矩阵对角化浅析.docVIP

13届分类号 13届 单位代码:10452 毕业论文（设计） 矩阵对角化浅析 姓 名 学 号 年 级 专 业 数学与应用数学 系 （院） 理学院 指导教师 张兆忠 2013年3月6日 本文利用矩阵的相关知识,根据矩阵类型的不同，探讨了矩阵的对角化的一些方法.对 于一般矩阵,利用一般方法，先求出矩阵的特征值与特征向量，接着再判断矩阵是否可对角 化?对于对称矩阵，可以将对称矩阵与二次型联系在一起，利用非退化线性替换将二次型化 为标准型，从而得到对角矩阵.对于对称矩阵也可以通过合同变换将对称矩阵化为对角矩 阵?除此之外，对于实对称矩阵，利用正交变换可得到该矩阵的全部特征值以及对应的正交 单位特征向量，从而可得到对角矩阵?综上所述,将矩阵对角化，可以用一般方法，配方法, 合同变化法，用正交变化法或者使用其他方法解答,这取决于题目的要求?对角矩阵在理 论研究和实际应用中有着重要的意义.木文将从利用特征值求行列式的值,求方阵的高次 幕，利用特征值和特征向量反求矩阵，判断矩阵是否相似以及可对角化矩阵在向量空间和 线性变换问题等方面，通过分析与举例,阐述可对角化矩阵的应用. 关键词：特征值；特征向量；配方法；合同变换法；正交变换法 ABSTRACT In this paper, we discuss some methods of matrix diagonalization which depend on the matrix type by using the knowledge of matrix. For general matrix, we find the characteristic value and characteristic vector of the matrix firstly and then judge whether the matrix can be diagonalized by using the general method. For symmetric matrix, symmetric matrix can be linked with quadratic form, i.e. using the non-degenerate linear transformation to change quadric form into canonical form and then result in a diagonal matrix. For symmetric matrix, we also use contragradient transformation of matrix to transform symmetric matrix into a diagonal matrix. In addition, for real symmetric matrices, all characteristic values of the matrix and the corresponding orthonormal characteristic vector can be obtained by using the orthogonal transformation and then obtain a diagonal matrix. Above all, the matrix diagonalization can use general methods, methods of completing square, methods of congruent transformation, methods of orthogonal transformation or other methods which depend on the requirements of the subject. The diagonal matrix has important significance in theoretical research and practical application. This paper the application of matrix diagonalization will be described from obtaining the value of determinant by using characteristic value, obtaining the higher power of square matrix, obtaining matrix by using the characteristic value and characteristic vector