超越目标管理地方政府绩效管理展望.docVIP

超越目标管理：地方政府绩效管理展望 Beyond MBO:Review and Prospect of Government Performance Managementin Local China 作者： 杨宏山 作者简介： 杨宏山，中国人民大学公共管理学院教授、博士生导师， yanghsh@263. neto 内容提要： 改革开放以来，我国地方政府实施目标管理责任制，显著 改进了对地方官员的激励机制，为经济社会快速发展做出 了突出贡献，同时也存在一些棘手的问题。木文通过梳理 目标管理与全面质量管理的学术之争，旨在为地方政府绩 效管理提供新的理论视角。目标管理与全面质量管理都注 重结果导向，两者的区别也很显箸：目标管理侧重于对产 出效率进行计量，而全面质量管理更关注于公众满意度， 主张服务质量和实际效果只能由“顾客”来评判；目标管 理主要通过绩效测量手段进行产出管理，而全面质量管理 运用“计划一执行一检查一处理”循环进行过程管理；目 标管理通过自上而下的途径设置目标，而全面质量管理强 调持续收集顾客期望和测量公众满意度，据此改进服务质 量。推进服务型地方政府建设，政府绩效管理有必要超越 目标管理责任制，转而实施全面质量管理，构建指标评估 与公众评价相结合的复合型评估模式。 Since the reform and opening up,the implementation of Target Management Responsibility System significantly improved the incentive mechanism for local officials which have made outstanding contributions to economic and social development in local China. SimuItaneously, target Management Responsibility System brought a series of thorny problems. This paper aims to provide a new theoretical dimension for local government performance management through the analysis of academic dispute between management by objectives (MBO) and total quality management (TQM) .Both MBO and TQM are result oriented, the difference is also significant. MBO focuses on the measurement of output efficiency, however, TQM pays more attention to the public satisfaction, it believes that only the customer can have the right to judge the quality and effectiveness of public service; MBO carries out production management mainly through performance measurement means, neverthclcss, TQM takes use of Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle to manage the procedure which leads to continuous quality improvement cycle model; MBO set objeetives through a top-down approach, however TQM emphasizes the need to continually collect customer cxpcctations and measure public satisfaction, thereby improving the quality of public service.In order to build a service-oriented local government, it is necessary for the government performance management to replace MBO with TQM, and to build a composite