形成研究目标课件.pptVIP

* 形成研究目標 主要目標： 吃蛋與對男人與女人心血管疾病(CHD)發生之評估 次要目標： 探討吃蛋對男人與女人CHD發生之相關性 探討吃蛋對男人與女人中風發生之相關性 * 研究對象(Participants) The Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) began in 1986 when 51,529 men who were US health professionals (dentists, optometrists, pharmacists, podiatrists, and veterinarians), aged 40 to 75 years, answered a detailed questionnaire that included a comprehensive diet survey and items on lifestyle practice and medical history. * The Health Professionals Follow-up Study Follow-up questionnaires were sent in 1988, 1990, 1992, and 1994 to update information on potential risk factors and to identify newly diagnosed cases of cardiovascular and other diseases. We excluded from the analysis men who did not satisfy the a priori criteria of reported daily energy intake between 3,360 and 17,640 kJ or who left blank more than 70 items of the 131 total food items in the diet questionnaire (n = 1,152). We also excluded men with prior diagnoses of cardiovascular disease (n = 5,182) or cancer (n = 1,644) at baseline. In the primary analyses, we also excluded men who reported diabetes mellitus (n = 1,187) or hypercholesterolemia (n = 4,458) at baseline because these diagnoses could have led to changes in diet. Incidence of CHD and stroke during the subsequent 8 years was monitored for 37,851 men during follow-up. The follow-up rate for nonfatal events was 97% of the total potential person-years of follow-up. * The Nurses’ Health Study The Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) cohort was established in 1976 when 121,700 women who were registered nurses residing in 11 large states, aged 30 to 55 years, provided detailed information about their medical history and lifestyle characteristics. Every 2 years, follow-up questionnaires have been sent to update information on potential risk factors and to identify newly diagnosed cases of CHD, stroke, and other diseases. In 1980, a 61-item food frequency questionnaire was included to assess intake of specific fats and other nutrients. In 1984,