论国际法上的保护责任-法学·国际法学专业论文.docxVIP

--’。。一 --’。。一 摘要冷战结束以来，伴随着国际权力结构的转变，原来在两级格局下 摘要 冷战结束以来，伴随着国际权力结构的转变，原来在两级格局下 的民族矛盾和种族纷争一再涌现，地区和国内冲突成为了主要的冲突 形式，一些国家内部出现不同程度的无政府状态，并伴随着大规模的 人道主义灾难。在这样的背景下，加拿大“干预和国家主权国际委员 会’’在《保护责任》报告中提出了“保护责任概念。“保护责任 指一个国家有责任保护本国国民免受人道主义灾难，如果这个国家没 有能力或者不愿意履行它的这种责任，那么国际社会就应当对此进行 干预，代替这个国家履行保护的责任。“保护责任概念是一个西方 构建的概念，带有浓重的“人权高于主权”色彩，因此有必要从理论 和实践的角度对其进行深入而正确的研究。理论上，主权这一概念有 新的理解，这对保护责任有重要意义。同时，对国际社会整体的义务 也是新近发展的概念，其为保护责任提供了很好的理论支持。国际司 法实践中的案例表明保护责任已经从“应然”向“实然转变。中国 是一个负责的大国，只有在理论和实践上正确把握保护责任，才能打 破西方社会的话语权，推动公正合理的国际新秩序形成。 关键词：保护责任主权对国际社会整体的义务国际法院国家责任 条款 AB AB STRACT Since the end of the Cold War,along with transformation of the international power structure，ethnic conflicts and strife which were suppressed by the pre—superpower eme玛ed over and over again．Regional and internal conflicts became the main form of conflicts and some countries suffered various degree of anarchy,accompanied with la喀e—scale humanitarian catastrophe．The International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty(ICISS)raised the concept of‘The Responsibility to Protectin its report with the same name，to argue that sovereign states have a responsibility to protect their own citizens from avoidable catastrophe，but if they are unwilling or unable to do SO，that responsibility must be borne by the broader community of states．Because the concept of‘‘The responsibility to Protect’’is constructed under western view,with strong agreement on‘human rights overriding sovereignty，it is very important to understand the concept from theory and practice．Recently the concept“sovereignty’’has more abundant meaning，and obligations erga omnes is a new concept，these are vary helpful to analyze the“The responsibility to Protect．China is a responsible state which has the power to break the discourse monopoly that established by westem countries，and to promote the establishment of a fair and rational international order if it can hold the‘‘The responsibility to Protect’’correctly． Ⅱ Key Key Words：Responsibility to Protect，Sovereig