甘薯育种与甘薯产业发展.docVIP

甘薯育种与甘薯产业发展 马代夫、李洪民、李秀英、谢逸平、李强 （江苏徐州甘薯研究中心，徐州，221121） 摘要：甘薯育种与甘薯产业的发展密切相关。本文讨论了我国甘薯产业的发展和甘薯育种的发展概况，提出服务于甘薯产业发展的甘薯育种的方向。我国甘薯栽培面积分为三个阶段，五十年代至改革开放前种植面积较大，1978 年至1985年面积下降较快，此后一直较为稳定。甘薯单产则由于新品种、新技术的推广逐年提高，已由五十年代初期7t/ha提高到20t/ha,相当于世界单产平均水平的140％。甘薯的消费也由作为粮食和饲料，成为重要的工业和食品加工业原料，并逐步向效益型经济作物转变，更有成为新型能源作物的趋势。不同薯区甘薯产业的发展不同，北方薯区以淀粉加工业为主，长江中下游薯区主要作为饲料，南方薯区的食品加工业有很大的发展空间。我国甘薯育种取得了巨大成就，甘薯品种呈现出多元化、专用性，为甘薯产业的发展提供了坚实的基础；育成品种的产量水平、抗病能力以及综合性状等均在国际上居于领先地位，引起世界的瞩目。甘薯育种目标总的趋势是产量始终是重要的指标，优质的要求逐渐提高，抗病性由单抗到多抗，用途由兼用到专用。根据我国高产品种较多适合产业化发展的专用特色品种较少的状况，笔者提出“十一五”期间甘薯育种最重要的方向仍为抗病高淀粉型品种，此类品种可用于淀粉加工、燃料乙醇生产等；其次为食用和加工用的营养型品种、提取色素用的特殊品种以及蔬菜用品种等。要实现甘薯育种的突破要调整育种目标，改变组织形式，强化育种材料的丰富和技术方法的改进，建立育种家与企业家互动的机制。甘薯育种和甘薯产业的发展都必须依赖国家政策的调整，加大对甘薯科研投入。 关键词：甘薯；育种；品种；产业发展 Breeding and Development of Commercialization of Sweetpotato MA Dai-Fu LI Hong-Min LI Xiu-Ying XIE Yi-Ping LI Qiang (Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221121) Abstract: Sweetpotato breeding is highly associated with development of commercialization of this crop. The general situation of development of sweetpotato breeding and commercialization in China was discussed, and trend of sweetpotato breeding suitable for commercialization of this crop. The change of production areas form 1950s could be divided into three stages, as high and stable from 1950s to late of 1970s, quick decline in period from 1978 to 1985, and stable after 1985. The unit yield of sweetpotato increased year by year considering of release of new varieties and new cultivation technologies, the unit yield increased from 7 t/ha in 1950s to 20t/ha, and higher by 40% over the global average. The traditional consumption of sweetpotato were as food and feed, but more and more have been used as raw materials of industries and food processing, and gradually turn to a cash crop. In tendency, sweetpotato will become an important new type energy crop. The dominant usage of sweetpotato varied with production districts, as starch processing in North China, feed in middle to