两系杂交粳稻杂种优势及亲子相关性分析-农业推广专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 用5个粳型光敏感核不育系和5个粳型恢复系按不完全双列杂交法配制两系杂交粳稻组合， 测定其杂种F，主要产量、品质、形态和生育性状的杂种优势，分析杂种各性状与亲本表现的相 关系数，估算父、母本及其互作对杂种各性状变量的贡献率。结果表明：(1)两系杂交粳稻杂 种优势普遍存在．其中单株产量优势最强，平均中亲优势率32．2l±14．48％，平均超亲优势率 lo．80±13．73％，通过亲本筛选可以培育出比常规品种增产20％～30％的强优组合：(2)整精 米率、垩白粒率和垩白度是影响粳杂稻米品质的主要因子，母本对上述各因子起着主导作用， 其贡献率分别为56．6l％、53．83％和47．21％，培育优质光敏感核不育系是改善粳杂稻米品质 的关键；(3)两系杂交粳稻单株产量与品质关系不密切，穗数、穗粒数和结实率与品质也无密 切关联，通过组合筛选可以培育出既高产又优质的两系粳杂组合；(4)以优质亲本与劣质亲本 配组，其杂种垩白粒率和垩自度一般表现为负向优势，以劣质亲本相互配组，其杂种表现为lF 向优势，因此在组合选配时保证亲本之一为优质品种能有效改善稻米品质；(5)杂种F。株高表 现为超亲优势，穗长和生育期表现为双亲平均值，且组合间变异较小，根据亲本表现可以对杂 种F。株高、穗长和生育期作出较准确预测。 关键词：两系杂交粳稻杂种优势相关系数 ABS ABS TRACT Two—lines hybrid．japonica rice combinations from 5 japonica Photoperiod—SONSitlVC Genic Male Sterile(PGMS)lines and 5 japonica restorers wlth the method of incomplete diallel crossing used analyze the heterosiS of main characters of FI combinations such yield。rice quality，plant shape and growth duration。the correlation of F1 combinations and parents，and contributions of these characters the yi eld．The results indicated：(1)two—I ine hybrid japortica rices had universal heterosis，in all characters single plant yield presented the strongest heterosis with 32 21±14．48％mid—parent heterosis and 10．80±13 73％heterobeltosiS．the japoni hybrid rice with strong yield heterosis of 20％一30％highar than that of normal varletieN COUld be bred through selection of parents：(2)head rice rate，chalky rice percentage and chalkihess score，the main characterS of．iaponica hybrid quality，were dorainantly influenced by famale pm’ents。female parents could】nterpyel 56．61％、53．83 ％and 47．21％of them respectirely．SO the breeding of PGMS iines with good rice quality PIvotal for the breeding of．japonica hybrid rice with good rice quality：(3)there Iinearity correlations between the yield characters such Single plant yi eld， panicles，spikelets per panicle．seed setting rate and rice quality，the elite．japonica hybrid rice with high yield and good riue quality could be bred through selection of combinations：(4)the chalky ric