宽带雷达信号源硬件设计-信号与信息处理专业论文.docxVIP

摘要 摘要 摘要 雷达在军事上可以用来侦察、制导和防御，在生活中可以用来预测天气、探 测资源和勘察地质，它不可或缺，无法替代。看的更远、看的更清始终是雷达发 展的目标，所以大带宽、高功率的发射信号一直是雷达研究中的热点。雷达信号 源作为雷达系统的核心，决定着雷达发射信号的带宽，它性能的好坏影响着雷达 指标的实现，甚至可以决定雷达能否正常工作。 用硬件实现宽带雷达信号源面临着诸多挑战，主要原因在发射信号的带宽越 大，则硬件电路的时钟频率、数据速率就越高，高速电路会出现许多在低速硬件 系统中不会出现的问题，包括信号完整性问题，电源完整性问题和芯片使用难度 增大等。 本文首先介绍了基本模拟器件法、锁相环法和直接数字频率合成法（DDS） 这三种波形产生方法的原理和特点，本文采用了 DDS 法，DDS 作为信号合成领 域重要的合成信号方法之一，具有频率分辨率高、信号带宽大、转换速度快、适 用于产生任何波形等优势。本文然后介绍了单 DAC 芯片 1.4GHz 采样率、双 DAC 芯片 1.2GHz 采样率和多 DAC 芯片 3GHz 采样率三种宽带雷达信号源的硬件设计 方案，它们均是基于 FPGA 和高速 DAC 芯片结构设计的，文中详细的介绍了芯 片的选型和基本功能，FPGA 内部逻辑设计的方法和要点，高速电路板卡设计的 注意事项，信号源板卡相关的时钟电路设计和数据传输设计方法，最后给出了信 号源板卡的照片和输出波形的图片，均达到了设计的要求。 关键字：DDS FPGA AD9739 AD9783 USB2.0 USB3.0 AB ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Radar is both indispensible and irreplaceable, in military it can be used for reconnaissance, guidance and defense, and in social life it can be used to predict weather, detect resources and do geological surveys. See farther and clearer are always radar’s mission of development, therefore, large bandwidth and high power transmit remains the hotspot in radar research all the time. As the core of the radar system, radar signal source determines the radar signal bandwidth, and its property affects the realization of the radar performance，it even masters whether radar can work normally or not. However, there are many challenges confronting the hardware realization of the wideband radar signal source. Due to the presence of high bandwidth signal, the clock frequency and the data rate are relatively high in the high-speed circuit, which causes problems not shown in the low-speed hardware system，including the problem of SI PI and the increasing difficulty of using chips. This paper first introduces the principles and characteristics of three generating methods of waveforms like basic analog devices method, phase-locked-loop method and direct digital frequency synthesis (DDS) method. The method of DDS is adopted in this paper. As an important signal synthesis method of its field, DDS h