矿业开发密集地区景观格局及动态研究-采矿工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 景观生态学以景观为研究对象，景观即一般在几平方公里到数百平方公里范围 内，由不J司类型的生态系统以某种空间组织方式组成的异质性地理空间单元。矿业 开发密集地区景观生态研究是针对该类地区景观生态的特点对景观格局其变化规律 进行研究。该课题的研究对矿业丌发密集地区生态可持续发展具有重要的理论意义 和现实指导意义。 本论文以河北省迁安市矿业刀发密集地区为例，研究近20年来迁安市矿业丌发 密集地区景观格局的变化情况。在研究中采用卫星遥感资料、地面调查与历史资料 分析相结合的手段丌展研究工作。主要研究内容及成果有： 采用遥感图像计算机解译和目视解译相结合的方法对迁安市不同时相的TM遥 感图像资料进行解译；然后根据景观分类图采用定量分析的方法进行景观要素团聚 程度分析，结果表明：迁安市矿业用地景观要素存在明显的团聚现象；首次采用模 糊综合聚类分析法对矿业丌发密集程度进行分类，确定景观生态研究范围，并绘制 景观生态分类图。 分别从单～斑块、单一景观要素及景观镶嵌体特征三个方面进行研究，结论 有：①采矿斑块规模特点是：数量不到10％的大斑块占斑块总面积的77％左右，而 80％左右的小斑块的面积仅占斑块总面积的不到10％；②无论是形状指数还是分形 分析结果看：随着采矿斑块面积的增大，其形状越来越复杂；③随着时间的推移， 采矿斑块密集程度、分布复杂程度及矿业景观要素采矿斑块优势度均在增加：④整 体景观的破碎化程度不断增加，景观趋向于复杂化。 关键词：景观生态，景观指数， 矿业开发， 景观格局，遥感 AbstractLandscape Abstract Landscape ecology study on landscape，landscape is that heterogeneity Geo—space cell is composed of different kinds of ecology system by certain spatial structural mode in the range of several or hundreds of square kilometers．Landscape ecology of abundant mines area study OIl itS dynamic law and restoration on base of landscape ecology character．The facts mentioned above is theoretical and practical significance for abundant mines area’S ecological persisting development Taken abundant mines area of Qian’an country in HeBei Province as a case，the article research it bymeans of Remote Sensing(RS)image，ground investigation and historical data analysis，Major content and achievement fruits as following： Based on the method of computer and manual interpretation TM Remote Sensing image of diverse periods is interpreted，protract the map of landscape classification；This paper analyzes the aggregation effect of landscape elements by method of quantitative analysis．result indicate：Mining land in Qian’an county exists obvious aggregation phenomenon；Firstly the article comes into use fuzzy clustering method to classify the aggregation effect in abundant mines distract，determine the investigative range of landscape ecology． This paper studies the character of single patch，single landscape element and landscap