林地针叶化对土壤侵蚀特征及生态环境影响研究-自然地理学专业论文.docxVIP

福建师范大学硕士学位论文内容提要 福建师范大学硕士学位论文 内容提要 本研究针对南方地带性常绿阔叶林和天然林面积不断减少，人工林地的大面 积针叶亿、幼龄化，水土流失严重，森林质量下降，生态功能趋于减退等问题。 采用典型区域调查和定位试验研究方法．在福建省安溪县官桥镇设立研究点，以 马尾松林地、混交林地、相思树林地作为主要对象，从土壤物理、化学、微生物 等特性入手，系统研究了林她针叶化对土壤侵蚀特征及生态环境的影响。结果表 明，随着林地针叶化，地表裸露。土壤沙化，土壤表层粘粒、水稳性团聚体、含 水量、抗剪强度、孔隙度、以及有机质、全N、全P含量等随之下降，土壤养分 含越较混交林和阔叶林地分别降低了62．31％和88．6l％；马尾松纯林地由于受到 较大人为干扰，加之树种本身生物特性等影响，使土壤微生物活性明显减少，马 尾松纯林地土壤表层中细菌、真菌和放线菌三大微生物总数较阔叶林地和混交林 地分别降低了91．78％和86．71％。同时，通过分析不同林地土壤层的贮水性、径 流量以及土壤保持量，评价了不同林地土壤层水源涵养和保持土壤的能力，探讨 了林地炼山开垦对土壤侵蚀特性的影响。并在此基础上提出了针叶林地生态恢复 和重建的途径与措施。 关键词：针叶化；侵蚀特征；生态环境：福建省 福建师范太学硕士学位论文SYNOPSIS 福建师范太学硕士学位论文 SYNOPSIS To the problems of the reducing of zonal evergreen broad—leaved of southern and natural forestlS area·widely conifer problem ofplantation·young to take age。serious of water and soil erosion，dropping of forest quailty and degenerating of ecological function ete．．．with Pinus massoniana，Mixed forest and Acacia forest for the main object， based on analysis of soil physical， chemical and biological properties，the soil eresion characteristic of coniferous forest and the water=conservation function of differem forest have been researched on the base of the methods of typical region investigation， experimem g_【udy in site in the fixed standard in-ca in Guanqiao Bridge· Anxi County of Fujian province．The result showed that the soil clay，water-stable aggregate，water content，anti-shearing intensity，porosity and organic，total nitrogen，phosphorous have been reduced晰m the conifer problem，the earth’s surface bared．the,)oil sand turned．Compare to Acacia forest and Mixed forest， the total nutrient ofPinus massoniana have been reduced separately 62．31％and 88．6l％．The biological activation of soil reduced notably with the toniferous forest land WaS interfered by human and the influence of biological characteristic of the varieties of trees．Compare to Acacia forest and Mixed forest，the total amount ofbacterium，lungi and actinomyees which Were three major microorganisms in whole microorganism have re