论英语“If”条件句中动词形式的语义-英语语言文学专业论文.docxVIP

中文摘要笔者试图在本文中以“构块语法(Construction 中文摘要 笔者试图在本文中以“构块语法(Construction Grammar)”为理论框架揭示英 语“If”条件句中动词形式的意义。总的来说，哲学家从意义角度研究“If”条 件句，而教学法语法学家从它的形式结构来探究它。“构块语法”则将二者的研 究角度结合起来。这是Dancygier所提出的。这种方法着重于条件旬形式的各个 方面是如何产生条件句所要表达的各种意思的。条件句的种类很多，“If，’条件句 是其句法结构上最具代表性的一种。描述条件句应选择一些描述参数：如if P， (then)q结构，从句顺序，条件旬和结论旬的各种关系，if的角色。对条件句动 词形式的描述主要有三类：教学法的描述，纯描述性的叙述和哲学性的描述。 Dancygier认为将条件句分为“中性”或“开放”和“非真实”或“封闭”两类 是不充分的。她运用“预示情态性(predictive modality)”和“后指(backshifl)”两 个概念将条件旬分为“预测性”和“非预测性”两类。If从句的时问指称是建立 在许多参数上的，其中动词形式扮演一个重要但非唯一的角色。还有一些其它因 素对条件旬的时间描述起作用：其它明确的时间指示；动词的语义类别(状态动 词还是事件动词)：语境；还有整个句子的解释是否是假设性的和是否是预测性 的。 关键词： 条件旬构块语法动词形式 AbstractIn Abstract In this thesis，I try to reveal the meaning of verb forms in English“If’ conditionals within the framework of Construction Grammar．Generally speaking， “If’conditionals are discussed with respect to their meanings as by philosophers or with respect to their structures aS by pedagogical grammarians．While Construction Grammar makes its analysis by combining together the two aspects，which was advocated by Dancygier．It focuses on providing an explanation of how aspects of conditional form give rise to a variety of meanings that conditional sentences express． There are many kinds of conditional sentences while‘‘If’conditionals are the broadest syntactic frame of conditionals．It is necessary,in describing conditionals，to choose a set of descriptive parameters，such as the if P，(then)q frame，clause order，the varieties of relationship between P and q，and the role of if．There are pedagogical description，purely descriptive account，and philosophical description about the verb morphology in conditionals．Dancygier thinks that the usual division into“neutral”or “open”versus“unreal”or“closed”conditionals is not sufficient By taking advantage of two concepts of“backshift”and‘predictive modality’，she divided the conditionals into two categories：the class of predictive which includes hypothetical or distanced predictive conditionals and the non-predictive class．