正常妊娠和胎儿畸形超声诊断ENGLISH课件.ppt

* The Male and Female Genitalia Fetal Genitalia (胎儿性别) * * Calm little face Eating toe Eating fingers Crying Poutting Fetal with umbilical cord around the neck Fetal with cleft lip smiling * * * FIGURE 28-5. Anencephaly. A, Sagittal ultrasound at 10 weeks’ gestation. B, Sagittal ultrasound in a different fetus at 12 weeks’gestation. Note the orbits (arrow) with absent ossified cranium above this level with angiomatous stroma. * * * * Let’s recognize the fetal spine. The left picture shows normal fetal spine which appears as two bead-like high echoes. But look at the right picture, there is a depression which suggests that the spine is abnormal and further examination is needed. * This is fetal nose. But, pay attention, there is a gap in the upper lip, this represents the cleft lip deformity. * This is the fetal chest including two important organs: heart and lungs. This is fetal heart at four-chamber section. * These pictrues show fetal extremities: Upper and Lower extremities. Hand and foot. * This is a male genitalia. And this one is female genitalia. * * Measuring the Abdominal Circumference(AC) The AC should be taken from a round transverse image with the umbilical portion of the left portal vein midline within the liver The outer margin of the abdominal wall should be measured The abdominal wall measurement is the least accurate The fetal liver gallbladder stomach port venous spine gallbladder stomach 3、Fetal limbs The upper limbs: the ulna the radius the humerus The lower limbs: the femur/the thigh bone the fibula the tibia The femur is the most widely measured long bone （FL femur length ） Femur measurement Hyperechonic linear structure represents the ossified portion of the femoral diaphysis and corresponds to femoral length measurement from the greater trochanter to the femo