利用Excel进行统计分析-Chapter 9-Fundamentals of Hypothesis Testing.pptVIP

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利用Excel进行统计分析-Chapter 9-Fundamentals of Hypothesis Testing.ppt

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Statistics for ManagersUsing Microsoft? Excel 5th Edition Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Hypothesis Testing: One Sample Tests Learning Objectives In this chapter, you will learn: The basic principles of hypothesis testing How to use hypothesis testing to test a mean or proportion The assumptions of each hypothesis-testing procedure, how to evaluate them, and the consequences if they are seriously violated How to avoid the pitfalls involved in hypothesis testing Ethical issues involved in hypothesis testing The Hypothesis A hypothesis is a claim (assumption) about a population parameter: population mean population proportion The Null Hypothesis, H0 The Null Hypothesis, H0 Begin with the assumption that the null hypothesis is true Similar to the notion of innocent untilproven guilty It refers to the status quo Always contains “=” , “≤” or “?” sign May or may not be rejected The Alternative Hypothesis, H1 Is the opposite of the null hypothesis e.g., The mean number of TV sets in U.S. homes is not equal to 3 ( H1: μ ≠ 3 ) Challenges the status quo Never contains the “=” , “≤” or “?” sign May or may not be proven Is generally the hypothesis that the researcher is trying to prove The Hypothesis Testing Process Claim: The population mean age is 50. H0: μ = 50, H1: μ ≠ 50 Sample the population and find sample mean. The Hypothesis Testing Process Suppose the sample mean age was X = 20. This is significantly lower than the claimed mean population age of 50. If the null hypothesis were true, the probability of getting such a different sample mean would be very small, so you reject the null hypothesis . In other words, getting a sample mean of 20 is so unlikely if the population mean was 50, you conclude that the population mean must not be 50. The Hypothesis Testing Process The Test Statistic and Critical Values If the sample mean is close to the assumed population mean, the null hypothesis is not rejected. If the sample mean is far from the assumed population mean, the