利用Excel进行统计分析-Chapter12-Chi Square Tests and Nonparametric Tests.pptVIP

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利用Excel进行统计分析-Chapter12-Chi Square Tests and Nonparametric Tests.ppt

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Statistics for ManagersUsing Microsoft? Excel 5th Edition Chapter 12 Chi Square Tests and Nonparametric Tests Learning Objectives In this chapter, you learn: How and when to use the chi-square test for contingency tables How to use the Marascuilo procedure for determining pair-wise differences when evaluating more than two proportions How and when to use the McNemar test How and when to use nonparametric tests Contingency Tables Contingency Tables Useful in situations involving multiple population proportions Used to classify sample observations according to two or more characteristics Also called a cross-classification table. Contingency Table Example Contingency Table Example Sample results organized in a contingency table: Contingency Table Example If H0 is true, then the proportion of left-handed females should be the same as the proportion of left-handed males. The two proportions above should be the same as the proportion of left-handed people overall. The Chi-Square Test Statistic where: fo = observed frequency in a particular cell fe = expected frequency in a particular cell if H0 is true ?2 for the 2 x 2 case has 1 degree of freedom The Chi-Square Test Statistic Computing the Average Proportion Here: Finding Expected Frequencies To obtain the expected frequency for left handed females, multiply the average proportion left handed (p) by the total number of females To obtain the expected frequency for left handed males, multiply the average proportion left handed (p) by the total number of males Observed vs. Expected Frequencies The Chi-Square Test Statistic The Chi-Square Test Statistic ?2 Test for The Differences Among More Than Two Proportions Extend the ?2 test to the case with more than two independent populations: The Chi-Square Test Statistic where: fo = observed frequency in a particular cell of the 2 x c table fe = expected frequency in a particular cell if H0 is true ?2 for the 2 x c case has (2-1)(c-1) = c - 1 degrees of