论中国古代环境法律保护-法律史专业论文.docxVIP

万方数据 万方数据 摘 要 人类在自然界中生存，难以避免与自然环境产生矛盾、摩擦，中国古代很早就 已经意识到了人类与自然环境和谐共存的重要性，为了保护自己所赖以生存的自然 环境，古代中国人在倡导环保意识的基础上，制定了一系列的制度措施加强环境保 护，以国家强制力为后盾对破坏环境的行为加以制裁。 古代中国人与自然环境和谐相处的智慧，可以对当今面临着人与自然环境的重 重矛盾的我们提供重要的借鉴。基于此，本文从理论与实践两个方面对古代中国人 的环保意识和制度实践进行了全面的探讨。文章首先阐述了儒、道、佛思想中的生 态哲学理论，“天人合一”、“道法自然”、“众生平等”等主张，探讨其中的哲学智慧， 研究其中科学的生态理念。在此基础上，对历史上各个时期的环保制度建设进行了 细致探讨，如各个时期的环保机构设置，各个时期对土地资源、水资源、矿产资源、 林木资源以及对动物的保护性制度规定，对违反环境保护规定的制裁性措施等。这 些环境保护措施对小农经济状态下的中国古代自然资源的保护和利用都发挥了重要 的作用，其中的环境法律保护理论和环境法律保护机制建设对解决当今世界的环境 破坏、环境污染问题，实现人与自然和谐相处、社会的可持续发展都可以提供极好 的思路。 关键词：生态哲学思想；环保机构；环保法令；环境法律保护； I Abstract As human survival in nature, it is difficult for human to avoid a conflict or friction with the natural environment. Humans had already been aware of the importance of the natural environment and the importance of human beings in harmony with the natural environment since Sovereigns and Five Emperors period. The ancients in order to protect the natural environment, not only advocated and restrained people to protect environment in terms of ideology, but also developed a series of institutional measures to strengthen the environmental protection and imposed tough sanctions on the environmental destruction which backed by national forces . The wisdom of ancient Chinese people to live in harmony with the natural environment can provide us an important reference, for today we are facing with numerous conflicts between and the natural environment. For this reason, this article conducted a comprehensive discussion on environmental awareness and institutional practice both from the theoretical and practical aspects. The first part introduces the ecological philosophy, such as Nature-human Integration, Imitation of Natural, All Creatures are Equal, which proposed by the Book of Changes and Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, then discussed the philosophical wisdom and studied the ecological science among them. On this basis, I have made a detailed discussion on the environmental system building in various periods in Chines