论航天员的权利保护-国际法学专业论文.docxVIP

II II Abstract Astronauts firstly referred to the people in the interstellar voyage. The scope of the astronauts experienced a process of development and expansion. Early in the period of manned space flight, the astronauts are fighter pilots, bearing the duties of steering and controlling the spacecraft. With further development of the aerospace industry, engineers, scientists and other selection of new astronauts went into the space to perform tasks as mission specialists. Thus, the concept of astronauts expanded, breaking the original areas of pilots who perform the navigation control. However, no matter how the concept of astronauts developed, it cannot deviate from its essential attribute of a professional name. Tourists who pay for the experience of space flight in recent years can not be called astronauts because they do not comply with this feature. Scientifically astronauts should be defined as the people who take space flight as a career or are chosen to be sent into space performing missions. The rights of astronauts should be protected in three aspects.First, the maintenance of their rights and dignity as a human being; Second, respect for their diplomatic immunity as a human messenger; Finally, special protection of their right to life and health. For the protection of the rights of the astronauts, there is certain legal basis or practice both home and abroad. Internationally, the astronauts’ human attributes decides that the provisions of the international human rights treaties are generally applicable to the astronauts. Meanwhile, the astronauts as high-risk occupations, their right to life and the right to health are vulnerable to be violated. Therefore, there are higher requirements for the protection of the two kinds of rights of the astronauts. In addition, the Outer Space Treaty entrust astronaut as human envoys, which explicit the principle of rescuing when astronauts land unexpectedly due to accident and danger. Rescue Agreement makes more spec