论清末出洋考察宪政-法律专业论文.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 本文选取清末出洋考察宪政这一特定的政治活动作为研究对象，运用历史研 究和比较研究等方法对出洋考察宪政进行了系统研究。首先对清末两次出洋考察 宪政的背景与经过进行了研究，认为出洋考察是清政府认真权衡自身利益后所做 出的一个重要而慎重的决策。其次从统治集团内部统一意见的达成、预备立宪上 谕的发布、《钦定宪法大纲》的颁布、预备立宪活动的展开等方面进行分析，阐述 了出洋考察对清末宪政活动的巨大推动作用。再次分析了立宪派、革命派的不同 宪政模式主张，重点研究了考察大臣的宪政模式主张及其形成原因，指出考察大 臣的宪政模式主张对清政府首先选择日本模式及后来选择英国模式均产生了重大 影响。最后对出洋考察宪政的得失进行了深入的评述，认为出洋考察宪政提出了 宪政优于专制的判断，提出了预备立宪的实施方案和“集中外之所长”的中西文 化关系方案，具有重大的理论价值和现实意义；同时认为出洋考察宪政存在着以 下缺陷：对立宪必要性的焦灼与对立宪可行性的忽视，对宪政工具性价值的夸大 与对宪政目的性价值的忽略，对宪政制度表层功能的偏重与对深层结构的无视， 以及对君主权力的极力维护与对人民权利的漠视，出洋考察宪政的缺陷对清末乃 至整个近代中国宪政过程产生了负面影响。在建设社会主义法治国家的过程中应 总结出洋考察宪政取得的成果，同时吸取其教训，更好的推动我国的宪政建设。 本文向人们展示了清末中国社会围绕救亡图强的主题，考察大臣与各种政治力量 之间的冲突、妥协与斗争，从历史的角度客观的分析和评价了考察大臣这一特殊 的政治官僚群体对中国宪政所作出的贡献及其局限性。 关键词：清末；出洋考察；宪政；模式选择 II II ABSTRACT Taken the special political activity of the overseas investigation into the western constitutional politics in the period of the late Qing, this article makes a systematic research into the details of the activities of overseas investigation into the constitutional politics with the methodology of documentation and comparison. Firstly, the article deals with the background and process of the twice investigations in the period of late Qing, and reaches a conclusion that it was an important and prudent decision of the Qing administration after careful measuring of its own interest. Secondly, the article analyzes such activities as the formation of the unite decision within the ruling administration, the issuing of the order of the emperor for the preliminary constitution, the promulgating of the 《Outline for the Constitution of the Emperor》, the undertaking of the preparation of legitimating of the Constitution etc., and expounds the tremendous pushing force of the overseas investigation towards the late Qing constitutional political activities. Meanwhile the article tries to analyze the different constitutional modes held by the school of constitution advocators and school of the revolutionists, and emphasizes the mode of the constitutional politics he