论闻一多诗歌中的“死亡”书写-中国现当代文学专业论文.docx

I I 摘 要 每个诗人都有自己惯用的意象或者表达方式，而其涵义总是随着语境的改变 有着很大的差异。但是无论怎样不同，各意项之间总有着或隐或显的千丝万缕的 关联。这种关联往往扮演着一种密匙的角色，它是通往诗人幽隐的内心情结的不 二法门。在闻一多的诗歌创作中，“死亡”便是这样一把全息密匙。在对它的追 索中，我们可以抽丝剥茧地敞开诗人的心扉，洞见这位火一般燃烧着的智者的内 心世界。 《闻一多诗歌全编》所收录的新诗作品中言及死亡的有三十三首之多，就其 内容而言，大致可以划分为：对理想、追求的申说；对现实罪恶的控诉；对亡故 亲人的追思；对生之艰辛的太息；对爱情的抒写；对现世的眷恋；对待死亡的态 度；以死亡为对象的“审丑”。进一步归纳，则可概括为三大主题：对理想的追 求、对现实的批判、对红尘眷恋。 这三大主题从不同的侧面展现了一位身处非常时期的诗人极富特质的鲜明 个性。无论是颂扬还是批判，都饱含着诗人对艺术、对国家、对人生火一般炽烈 的爱。闻一多诗歌中的“死亡”书写清晰地显示出这一幽隐却又似烛照般的情结： 他深深沉湎于对艺术的追求、系念于对民族觉醒的热望以及对现世的智者般的眷 恋。对艺术，有着朝圣者的虔诚；对国族，怀着赤子般的挚爱；对生活，则以博 大的胸怀接纳种种悲欢苦乐，却又不粘滞于现实。尤其是《夜歌》中那个夜夜悲 泣、情发肺腑的鬼魂形象，似乎是诗人灵魂的艺术化身，因了不可遏制的爱恋和 渴望，虽阴阳两隔，亦割舍不去对尘世的关切和眷恋。 关键词：闻一多 诗歌 死亡 艺术 国家 II II Abstract In creating, every poet has his habitual image or method which gains different meanings as context changes. However different the contexts become, the meanings are always connected to each other through some way, obscure or obvious. Such a connection usually plays the role of a secret key which leads to the deeply hided complex in the poet’s soul. Death is such a key in Wen Yiduo’s poetry creating. Through the pursuit of it, the inner minds of the passionate sage can be unraveled bit by bit. The complete poems of Wen Yiduo contains up to 33 poems referred to death. The contents of these works can be generally concluded as follows: expression of ideal, accusation against iniquities, mourning to the dead folks, sigh for the hard life, love for the wife, love for life, attitude to death and aesthetic description about death. Three topics can be further generated from the above-mentioned: pursuit of ideal, criticism and love for the real-life. These three topics have demonstrated the typical character of a poet who lives in an unusual time. Both praise and criticism show the poet’s fiery love for art, life and the nation. The writing concerned with death in Wen Yiduo’s poems clearly reveals such a strong but deeply hided complex: he pursues the ideal in art with heart and soul, expects the nation to wake up and loves the re