扫描式电子显微镜能量光谱仪分析犬尿路结石之探讨.doc

掃描式電子顯微鏡能量光譜儀 分析犬尿路結石之探討 Detect the composition of canine uroliths by SEM-EDX 研究生：林芸如 Lin, Yun-Ru 指導教授：陳瑞雄 Chern, Rey-Shyong 【摘要】 尿路結石為犬下泌尿道中常見疾病，因此分析結石成份對於了解其形成原因及防治尿路結石症之發生特別重要。尿路結石主要由晶體與非晶體沉積而集結成的堅硬物質。由於尿液中常見晶體有限，且晶體有特定的型態，所以可利用掃描式電子顯微鏡能量光譜儀（SEM-EDX）鑑定分析。本研究分析50個病例蒐集於本校動物醫院及南部地區動物醫院就診犬隻之結石檢體，包含36例膀胱結石症及8例膀胱結石和尿道結石合併症，並從晶體型態及元素分析嘗試判斷結石種類。且利用尿液分析套組作為掃描式電子顯微鏡能量光譜儀分析晶體型態之參考。半定量化學分析結果發現大多含有鈣、草酸鈣、磷酸鹽、銨及鎂等成份。由觀察晶體結果，最常見也易辨別出磷酸銨鎂晶體之特殊V字型或Y字型裂縫及棺材蓋狀之晶體結構，其次為雙水草酸鈣的雙錐四面體晶體。而單水草酸鈣之晶體呈扁平板狀或矩形，排列方式呈扇形或啞鈴形。磷酸鈣晶體大多呈圓球形。尿酸鹽晶體呈針狀、纖維樣狀或是放射狀之排列。且非晶體可觀察到鈣化細菌活動痕跡及有機質等。元素分析結果顯示，磷酸銨鎂晶體以鎂及磷元素較易辨別之。草酸鈣晶體以鈣元素為主。磷酸鈣晶體之元素則以鈣、磷較為顯著。而病例調查結果顯示尿石症的常見品種為迷你雪納瑞（Miniature　Schnauzer）及混種犬（Ｍixed-breed）等，且雌性犬發生尿石症的機率比雄性稍高。由本研究結果顯示，利用掃描式電子顯微鏡能量光譜儀（SEM-EDX）鑑定結石成份分析能有助於犬尿路結石成份之技術判定，並以此做為預防及治療尿路結石之佐證依據。 關鍵字：犬、尿路結石、掃描式電子顯微鏡能量光譜儀 【Abstract】 Urolithiasis is a common condition responsible for lower urinary tract disease in dogs.　Analyzing the composition of urinary stone assists in understanding the cause and in turn establishes effective treatments and also prevents urolithiasis. Uroliths are solid materials composed of crystals and non-crystals. Due to the limited amount of crystals in urine and the characteristic form of crystals, they can be identified by scanning electron microscopy and electron dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). In this study, fifty samples are obtained from canine patients from Veterinary Hospital of National Pingtung University of Science and Technology and other animal hospitals in southern Taiwan, including 36 urocystolithiasis, 8 urocystolithiasis and urethrolithiasis. The urinary calculi analysis (Ecolin?) is employed as a reference of crystal morphology for the scanning electron microscopy and electron dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). The urinary calculi analysis results show that calcium, oxalate, phosphate, magnesium and ammonium were the most composition in this study. According to the result, magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate crystals which has characteristic Y or V-