高二英语必修五unit1语法总结.docVIP

Unit 1 语法重点 非谓语动词：to do/doing 一、动词不定式 不定式可以用来做主语、表语、定语、状语、宾语、独立成分，表示比较具体的意义。 （1）做主语 ① 动词不定式短语 To master a foreign language is no easy job. To see this film is to waste time. To solve this problem is out of the question ② 为平衡整个句子，避免头重脚轻，常用it做形式主语，而将真正主语不定式放后面，用于这种形式是一些特定的结构。例如： 1）谓语部分是系表结构，表语是某些形容词或名词。例如： It is foolish to do in this way. It sounds reasonable to do it this way. 2）某些动词做谓语时。例如： It took much time to do this. It makes us excited to think about that. (2) 做表语 表示打算、计划、命令和要求，用于appear, seem, happen等系动词后面 Such questions are to be avoided. What he said proved to be true. He seems to be ill. (3) 做定语 做定语时不定式一般紧跟其所修饰名词或代词后面。例如： He was the first one to come this morning. He didn’t have the chance to go to school in the past. 如果不定式是不及物动词时，应注意其相应介词的搭配。例如： He has nothing to worry about. She is a very nice person to work with. (4) 作状语 不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因和结果。 ① 表目的常用in order to, so as to,等结构但so as to只能放在主句之后。 Check your homework so as to avoid mistakes. She goes home (in order) to see her grandmother every week. ② 表结果常用only to do, enough to do, too…to do等句型，不定式短语作结果状语具有“意料之外”之意。 He is too excited to speak anything. I?hurried?to?his?house,?only?to?find?him?out. ③原因 She?seemed?surprised?to?see?us. He?is sorry for what he did?to?think?of?his?past. -不定式作方式状语时，通常采用as?if?或?as?though?+?to?的结构，其意为“好像要……”。 He?raised?his?hand?as?if?to?hit?me. She?took?out?a?pen?and?a?piece?of?paper?as?though?to?write?something. (5) 做宾语 ① 某些及物动词要用动词不定式作宾语, 以下及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语： agree,?ask,?attempt,??choose,?continue, decide,?desire,?determine,?expect, forget, hope,,intend,?learn,??manage,?mean,?offer,?prefer,,promise,?refuse,??try，want, ?wish等。例如： ② 动词不定式作宾语时，如其后有补足语，则可以用先行语it作形式宾语，而将真正宾语动词不定式后移，用于该形式的常见动词有：believe, consider, feel, guess, imagine, know, make, prove, realize, see, show, suppose, think, understand, find等。例如： I?felt?it?useless?for?us?to?say?anything?further. I?made?it?a?rule?to?get?up?early,?take?a?cold?bath,?