给水管网漏损控制研究进展-杨龙.docxVIP

PAGE 1 给水管网漏损控制研究进展 杨龙 北京工业大学 建筑工程学院，北京 100124 摘要：给水管网运行的安全可靠性直接关系到城市的正常运行秩序与发展潜力。漏损普遍存在于给水管网中，高漏损产生了一系列危害。全球由于漏损而造成的损失非常惊人，因此漏损控制一直是全球性话题。本文综述了给水管网漏损探测技术、漏损控制技术、漏损状况评估方法、漏损控制模型的研究进展，提出了将现代化信息管理技术应用到城市供水管网运行管理中，具有很好的前景。同时寻找一种经济可行、行之有效的给水管网漏损状况的实用的探测和评估方法有利于推动供水行业的健康持续发展。 关键词：给水管网漏损；探测技术进展；控制技术进展；评估方法进展；控制模型进展 Progress of leakage control in water supply network Abstract: The safety and reliability of the operational management of water supply network is directly linked with normally operational order and developing potential of a city. The leakage is widespread in all water supply networks, and it produces a series of disastrous effects. The financial and resource problems caused by leakage are amazing, so the leakage control is a global issue which is affecting water companies and their customers worldwide. The paper summarizes the progress of leakage detection technologies, leakage control technologies, leakage assessment methods and leakage control models in water supply network, and the author proposes that the modern information managing technology is applied to the management and operation of urban water supply network, which has the bright application prospects. Meanwhile, seeking a kind of economic, feasible, effective and practical method of the leakage detection and assessment in network is advantageous to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the water industry. Keywords: Leakage in water supply network; Progress of leakage detection technologies; Progress of leakage control technologies; Progress of leakage assessment methods; Progress of leakage models. 1.引言 随着中国社会经济的发展，人均水资源拥有量正在明显下降，节约水资源已迫在眉睫。对于给水管网这座“生命网”，其运行的安全可靠性直接关系到城市的正常运行秩序与发展潜力。无论是发达国家还是发展中国家，由于各种原因导致的给水管网漏损的产生是十分常见的问题。全球每年由供水管网漏损的水量超过320亿m3。此外，由于窃水、缺乏计量或管理问题，每年产生160亿m3无收益水量 ADDIN NE.Ref.{D9750798-9986-43F4-B8A7-0347B7742535}[1]。根据中国城市建设统计年鉴，我国给水管网年平均漏损率大，且许多省市漏损率均超过基本漏损率12%，如图1和图2所示。图1为我国2003-2010年的给水管网年平均漏损率，图2为2010年度我国各省市的漏损率。 图1