神经垂体 下丘脑 Chapter3 The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Part I.ppt

Chapter3 The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Part I Reference - Textbook Reference – Course Website * Content Introduction Oxytocin Vasopressin INTRODUCTION Anatomical and Functional Connection Between the Hypothalamus and Pituitary * hypophyseal portal system Hypothalamo hypophyseal tract Case: Mr. Jones, a 30-year-old man 6 weeks earlier began passing a lot of urine Once or twice per hour Full bladder four or five times during the night Unusually thirsty Constantly drinking water Urine was very pale in recent weeks Headaches at night or waking Forgetful Erection dysfunction Case: Mr. Jones, a 30-year-old man Test at GP (General Physician) Urine test No protein, no glucose Blood test Glucose and calcium level normal Test at endocrine clinic Looked uncomfortable Dehydrated with a dry mouth and tongue Body Temperature normal Resting pulse rate: 100 b.p.m. Blood pressure: 105/65 mmHg Fundoscopy: optic nerve to be swollen in both eyes Visual field test: loss of vision in both temporal (outer) halves of the field Memory problem: Confuse and could not remember how he had got to the hospital or what he eaten that day Knew the name of his girlfriend and could remember distant events Visual Field Defect Oxytocin and VasopressinThe Hormone of the Posterior Pituitary Small peptides – nine amino peptide Seven of them are common Synthesized in the hypothalamus by magnocellular neurons Action potential initial release in the nerve * Synthesis and Release of Vasopressin and Oxytocin OXYTOCIN Role of Oxytocin (OXT) Effect on mammary glands. Cause the contraction of the myoepithelial cells --- milk ejection Unconditioned and conditioned reflex Effect on uterus stimulate the smooth muscle contraction, especially that towards the end of gestation. at least partially responsible for causing birth of the baby * * OXYTOCIN Oxytocin Release: Neuroendocrine Reflex * Clinical Use Oxytocin Induce labor Increase uterine contractions during labor Reduce postpartum bleeding after