三维Ising模型的数学结构与精确解探索-金属学报.PDF

第52 卷 第10期 Vol.52 No. 10 2016 年 10 月 第1311-1325页 ACTA METALLURGICA SINICA Oct. 2016 pp. 1311-1325 三维Ising 模型的数学结构与精确解探索* 张志东 ( 中国科学院金属研究所沈阳材料科学国家(联合)实验室, 沈阳 110016) 摘 要 本文首先回顾Ising 模型的研究历史, 包括Ising 模型简介、二维和三维Ising 模型的研究进展, 特别是二维Ising 模型 的精确解. 然后介绍作者提出的有关三维Ising 模型的2 个猜想以及推定的精确解. 从拓扑、代数和几何的角度对三维Ising 模型的数学结构进行了评述. 分析三维Ising 模型的转移矩阵、拓扑理论中的纽结变换、Yang-Baxter 方程和四面体方程之间 的关系, 还介绍了三维Ising 模型中存在的非局域效应、与量子场论和规范理论的关系、权重因子的物理意义、无限大温度及 附近的奇异性和拓扑相变. 指出一些近似计算方法(例如, 低温展开、高温展开、重整化群和Monte Carlo 模拟等)在研究三维 Ising 模型时的局限性. 关键词 Ising 模型, 数学结构, 精确解, 拓扑性质, 代数性质, 几何性质 中图法分类号 O414.21, O482.51, O189.24 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0412-1961(2016) 10-1311-15 MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURE AND THE CONJECTURED EXACT SOLUTION OF THREEDIMENSIONAL (3D) ISING MODEL ZHANG Zhidong Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China Correspondent: ZHANG Zhidong, professor, Tel: (024) E-mail: zdzhang@imr.ac.cn Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nosand Manuscript received 2016-07-27, in revised form 2016-09-06 ABSTRACT In this article, the history of study on Ising model was first reviewed briefly, including a brief in- troduction of Ising model, the advances in the study of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) Ising models, with a special interest in the exact solution of the 2D Ising model. Then two conjectures and putative exact solution of the 3D Ising model were introduced, and the mathematical structure of the 3D Ising model was in