运营管理精益制造 JIT教学课件.ppt

一个有趣的想象 明知MRP2既花钱成功率又低，许多企业还在上。 精益生产花钱少，但很少有企业实施。 * * * 2 * Change can be accomplished, but it is difficult Imposed change will be resisted Full cooperation, commitment, and participation by all levels of management is essential Change takes time You might not get positive results at first Change might go in unintended directions * * * 9 Plan Define the process: its start, end, and what it does. Describe the process: list the key tasks performed and sequence of steps, people involved, equipment used, environmental conditions, work methods, and materials used. Describe the players: external and internal customers and suppliers, and process operators. Define customer expectations: what the customer wants, when, and where, for both external and internal customers. Determine what historical data are available on process performance, or what data need to be collected to better understand the process. Describe the perceived problems associated with the process; for instance, failure to meet customer expectations, excessive variation, long cycle times, and so on. Identify the primary causes of the problems and their impacts on process performance. Develop potential changes or solutions to the process, and evaluate how these changes or solutions will address the primary causes. Select the most promising solution(s). Do Conduct a pilot study or experiment to test the impact of the potential solution(s). Identify measures to understand how any changes or solutions are successful in addressing the perceived problems. Check Examine the results of the pilot study or experiment. Determine whether process performance has improved. Identify further experimentation that may be necessary. Act Select the best change or solution. Develop an implementation plan: what needs to be done, who should be involved, and when the plan should be accomplished. Standardize the solution, for example, by writing new standard operating procedures. Establish a process to monitor and control process p