课件：职业病危害预防与健康.pptVIP

THANK YOU SUCCESS * * 可编辑 “The most common airborne contaminant is dust. It is formed when a solid material is broken down or ground up by some application of mechanical action or force. Dust particles can be very small. The smaller the particle is , more time it will remain suspended in air, thus increasing the chance of being inhaled. Some dusts stay suspended in air for hours when very finely divided. Larger particles can settle out of the air in minutes.” “Some common examples of toxic dust generation are: sanding (wood, plaster, sheetrock, plastic, etc.....), abrasive blasting (silica sand, rock, plastic, metal peening), ceramics manufacturing (kaolin, silica, glazes), handling grains and cereals (grain elevators, storage silos, transportation of grains), grinding operations (metal grinding, milling, etc...). manufacturing of brake pads (asbestos) rock crushing (quarrying, mining) Explosions (quarrying, mining, building demolition) Foundry operations (mold filling, sifting, de-molding)” “Who can name some examples of dusts?” If you wish, you can seek out the types of contaminants that are most common in the work environment of the company where training is being conducted to use as training examples. 工程控制措施： 举例：首先降低声源噪声，然后利用隔声材料将声源密封隔离。 声音的传播受传播距离的影响，随着距离加大，声波会逐渐衰减，所以，将产生噪声的作业与需要安静的作业分开布置，通过增加距离，就可以减小噪声的影响；隔声也可以阻挡噪声的直接传播，利用具有较好隔声效果的材料设置的隔声墙，或将产生噪声的设备安置在隔离室内，可以减小噪声向外传播；针对声音反射，我们有铺设吸声材料的方法，可减少墙壁和屋顶及地面对声音的反射；由于噪声是物体振动所产生的，所以产生噪声的设备往往同时产生振动，在设备机座下面设置减振装置可以有效地降低地面对振动和噪声的传播。 对从事噪声作业的职工就必须采取佩带护耳器的方法。 ■生产性粉尘：是指在生产中形成的，能较长时间漂浮在作业场所空气中的固体微粒，其粒径多在0.1～10μm，它是污染环境，影响劳动者健康的重要因素。 粉尘产生于固体物料的破碎过程 悬浮在空气中的固体颗粒，如水泥尘、铸造型砂尘、打磨尘、木粉尘、棉尘、粮食粉尘、石棉尘、玻纤尘等。 通常没有味道。 粉尘 粉尘的产生常伴随机械加工 = 伴随噪声 THANK YOU SUCCESS * * 可编辑 ■粉尘对人体健康的危害 1.呼吸系统 A.尘肺--矽肺、煤工尘肺、水泥尘肺、电焊工尘肺、铸工尘肺等 B.粉尘沉着症--金属粉尘的沉着，如锡、铁、锑 C.有机粉尘引起肺部病变--棉尘病、职业性变态反应肺泡炎 D.呼吸系统肿瘤--肺癌、间皮瘤 E.呼吸系统炎症--粉尘性支气管炎、肺炎、支气管哮喘等 F.其他呼吸系统疾病--肺通气功能改变 2.局部作用 --局部刺激和损伤：刺激、破损、炎症 --皮肤病变：阻塞性皮脂炎、粉刺毛囊炎、脓皮病 3.中毒作用 --粉尘可在